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SAN RAFAEL NATIONAL PARK and PRO-COSARA 
PARAGUAY

Itapúa (SE)

Lat:26o30´63´´S/55o47´16´´W (Camp Kanguery) 73,000ha (Pro-Cosara 250ha of which 100ha is soy) hilly, 150-425msl 
National Park and private reserve 

Best Time for visit (February and March 2006)

 

Birding Site Guide

 

On a recent tour with Paul Smith


As usual there was plenty to see in the forest with activity continuing throughout the day. Highlights included several Pileated Parrot, Grey-rumped Swift, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker and Scaled Woodcreeper. We obtained great views of hard to see species such as Spot-backed, Tufted and Large-tailed Antshrikes, and shy canopy birds like Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher, Blue-naped Chlorophonia and Sharpbill. At Estancia Kanguery (a natural grass area inside the park) a single Giant Snipe was seen in flight just after sundown and several more were heard calling, in addition to local specialities such as Lesser Grassfinch and Sedge Wren. 

LAKE HANS




















 

San Rafael lies 125km from the city of Encarnación. To reach it, approach via Brazil and Ciudad del Este in the NE or from Argentina and Encarnación in the S. From the latter take Ruta 6 north to Obligado and then leave the main road and head for the small village of Ynambú. To go by bus to Ynambu, take the Pastereo bus (₤2) from Encarnación terminal. There is a Pro-Cosara sign on the right just before the bus terminal, take this and follow until another such sign is seen on the right pointing down a dirt track, there are a further 3 signs directing visitors to the accommodation. 

San Rafael is a great birding place and it is supposed to be a national park, the park was supposed to have been created in 1992 and the government who are supposed to manage the area do nothing. The original $50 million to demarcate and purchase the land for the park came from the World Bank, however to date not a single hectare has been purchased by the government for this reason. Instead the government has purchased land within the park and placed local ‘campesinos’ or landless poor on it, who cause destruction of the native flora and fauna. The government also reduced the original proposed size of the park from 78,000ha to 73,000ha, after angry land owners fearing their land would fall in the park boundaries quickly cleared their forest beforehand. Fortunately not all land owners were against the park and they came together with conservation organisations to form an NGO in 2001 to manage the park called Allianza para la Conservacion de la Reserva San Rafael. Amongst the NGOs involved in this were the Natural Land Trust and IDEA (Instituto de Derecho y Economia Ambiental). Problems continue to this day however, with fires on the increase and poaching of animals and valuable hardwoods a constant threat. For a more detailed look at the above points read the Winging It article at www.faunaparaguay.com/sanrafarticle.html
 
The only place available to stay at the moment is at the private reserve on the s side of the national park, which is called Pro-Cosara (Asociación Pro cordillera San Rafael) and run by Hans and Christine Hostettler (German speaking Swiss, also fluent in Spanish and some English), there may be other options for accommodation in the future. 

Accommodation is in a dormer cabin with bathroom and large porch ($25.00 a night with 3 meals). This house has a double bed and a twin room, with a 5th spare bed and extra mattresses which could be put in the porch. The second option is a room in the hanger, which sleeps up to 8, with a separate bathroom in the hanger. Alchol can be purchased on site. 

Around the fruiting trees at the accommodation Saffron Toucanet can often be found, very quietly and determinedly destroying the crop, along with other more obvious species such as Plush-crested Jay. 

There are 2 main trails on the property of Pro-Cosara, within easy walking distance of the accommodation. The first of the paths to visit is the Sendero Suruku’a Sa’y Ju (Trail of the Yellow Trogon), which is on the right just as you enter the area of the buildings. The sign at the start says the trail is 450m long, though it is actually 650m. This area of forest has some large old trees but is mainly composed of taller younger thinner trees with a quite open canopy (typical of Alto Parana forest). The ground flora is dense, though the mid-storey is more open in some places. This dense ground growth hides many sought after species, most much more easily heard than seen. These include such species as Short-tailed Antthrush, Variegated Antpitta, Brown Tinamou, White-shouldered Fire-eye, Spot-winged Wood-Quail, Thrush-like Woodcreeper and Sooty Grassquit, Dusky-tailed Antbird. Mid-storey birds include Greenish Schiffornis, Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant, Blue and Band-tailed Manakin and Southern Bristle-Tyrant. Higher up, some good birds are Streak-capped Antwrens, Black-throated and Surucua Trogon and Spot-billed Toucanet. 

The second trail is the Sendero Urutau (Potoo Trail) located at the far side of the man-made 6ha lake, just off the road (look for the set back sign). This skirts around the lake and crosses the small stream that feeds the lake at the top end. The habitat is dense forest, with very good forest birding. The far end of this trail can be picked up at the lake side nearest to the accommodation, follow the track from the roadside (at several points) past the saw-mill and through the fir plantation and walk to the stream. There are several other small tracks to the right, which can be taken after the plantation, down to the lake side. These can be very productive as they go through various habitats including bamboo. Look out for over-flying parrots which can include Pileated Parrot. This is the best place to see Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher, which is reasonably common. It is the only place we have ever seen the extremely difficult to find Blackish-blue Seedeater (once), but do not expect them! Olive Spinetail is occassionally encountered in bamboo, usually above head height, its distinctive trilling 'pippippi' call is the best guide. Look for Neotropical River Warbler near the stream. Other species well worth looking out for all round this area are Chestnut-crowned Becard, Chicli Spinetail, Large-tailed Antshrike, Rufous Gnateater, Long-tailed Tyrant and Three-striped Flycatcher. 

San Rafael forest






















digs San Rafael



















 
 

A trip deeper into the park requires a 4 wheel drive but will be very rewarding. One possible area to visit is the new Alliance camp, Camp Kanguery, which is located on the edge of forest and natural grasslands. These grasslands, though not cerrado, hold many species associated with that habitat (but not the real specialists such as Black-masked Finch) and are well worth a look for such species as Red-winged Tinamou, Grass Wren, White-tailed Goldenthroat, Lesser Grass-Finch, Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, Cock-tailed Tyrant, Sharp-tailed Tyrant and in the wetter areas various seedeaters including Marsh Seedeater Capped Seedeater, Saffron-cowled Blackbird and Giant Snipe (best at evening prior to breeding season when their display can be observed, otherwise you would nearly have to tread on one to see it). 

Pro-Cosara (accommodation) tel. 0768 295046 

email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 

website www.san-rafael.itapua.net/ (replacing www.procosara.de) 

Guyra Paraguay (BirdLife Partner) www.guyra.itapua.net/ 

Species Notes 

Relevant BENES list 

SOUTH & EAST BRAZIL FORESTS BENES (Biome Endemics and Near-Endemics list) 

This park is a strong hold for such species as Russet-winged Spadebill and Ochre-breasted Pipit but these are local in distribution and it may be wise to consult with Guyra Paraguay staff first on the best location for this and other species. Several Tyrannulets are recorded here, including the sought after Sao Paulo, be aware however that this is a difficult species in every way, even if it is usually in the mid-storey and not higher as many species are. Far more common and apt to be confused are Yellow and Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulets. 

Antshrikes, though maybe common are often difficult to see, Spot-backed and Tufted are best found in dense tangles, and play back helps. The confusing Grey Elaenia, though fairly common is easily overlooked in foraging flocks as it is tyrannulet like with an oft cocked tail. It is active and perches horizontally high up in the canopy. 

In one month we recorded 235 of the 410 species on the list for the park without a vehicle (except for 4 days when it rained almost continually!). We saw the first 200 species in 8 days! Author: BSG 

Charles Hesse (7-9th July, 2005) 

We visited this reserve with Guyra Paraguay staff who were sorting out acquisition of land nearby. We stayed at the ProCOSARA part of the reserve where lodging is available from a nice Swiss couple. It was very reasonable at G50,000 per person per day with 3 meals included. In this area there are 2 trails through the forest as well as good birding along some of the roads and at a large lake. A tornado had just hit knocking down many trees and the lower trail next to the lake was partially inaccesible. The best species I saw here was the Saffron Toucanet which comes to feed on fruiting trees around the buildings. When we were there, they could be seen in the morning on the small trees next to the Guardabosque building but apparently they move trees according to the fruiting times. Also on the upper trail we saw Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher and Bay-ringed Tyrannulet. To visit the reserve (that may become a national park in the next few year) contact ProCOSARA at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or visit the website at www.procosara.de I saw 104 species including 5 lifers 

Species seen (CH) 

  • Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa Seen on way San Rafael
  • Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
  • Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
  • Great Egret Ardea alba
  • Snowy Egret Egretta thula
  • Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
  • Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
  • Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum
  • Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
  • Long-winged Harrier Circus buffoni
  • Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis
  • Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
  • Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus
  • Southern Caracara Caracara plancus
  • Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima
  • Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango Seen on way San Rafael
  • American Kestrel Falco sparverius
  • Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira
  • Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
  • White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus Seen on way San Rafael
  • Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
  • South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae
  • Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species
  • Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro
  • Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata
  • Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
  • Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui
  • White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
  • Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Possibly heard
  • Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri
  • Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
  • Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
  • Guira Cuckoo Guira guira
  • Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus Heard only
  • Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
  • Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
  • Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome
  • Plovercrest Stephanoxis lalandi
  • Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura
  • Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona
  • Saffron Toucanet Baillonius bailloni Near-threatened
  • Ochre-collared Piculet Picumnus temminckii
  • White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus
  • White-spotted Woodpecker Veniliornis spilogaster
  • Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Seen on way San Rafael
  • Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris
  • Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus
  • Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla
  • Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens
  • Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufus Possibly seen
  • Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor lichtensteini
  • Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina
  • Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
  • Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus
  • Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus
  • Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa
  • Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens
  • Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
  • Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
  • White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera
  • Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona Heard only
  • Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata Possibly heard
  • Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens
  • Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
  • Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola
  • Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps Possibly seen
  • White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata
  • Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus
  • Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus Near-threatened
  • Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri Possibly seen
  • Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis
  • Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops
  • White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus
  • Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus
  • Sirystes Sirystes sibilator Heard only
  • Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
  • Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
  • Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens
  • House Wren Troglodytes aedon
  • Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus
  • Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris
  • Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas
  • Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus
  • Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher Polioptila lactea Near-threatened
  • Plush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops
  • Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
  • Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi
  • Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
  • White-rimmed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus
  • Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum
  • Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps
  • Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira
  • White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Possibly seen
  • Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops
  • Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica
  • Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea
  • Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola
  • White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris
  • Screaming Cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris Possibly seen
  • Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous
  • Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro Seen on way San Rafael
  • Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus Seen on way San Rafael
  • Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi
  • House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species


SAN RAFAEL BIRD LIST 

  • RHEAS Fam. RHEIDAE (1)
  • Greater Rhea Rhea americana
  • TINAMOUS Fam. TINAMIDAE (12)
  • Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius
  • Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus
  • Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus
  • Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris
  • Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa
  • Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens
  • Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa
  • SCREAMERS Fam. ANHIMIDAE (2)
  • Southern Screamer Chauna torquata
  • DUCKS Fam. ANATIDAE (18)
  • White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata
  • Coscoroba Swan Coscoroba coscoroba
  • Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
  • Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis
  • Rosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca
  • Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus
  • GUANS Fam. CRACIDAE (6)
  • Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris
  • Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura
  • Black-fronted Piping-Guan? Pipile jacutinga
  • Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata
  • NEW WORLD QUAILS Fam. ODONTOPHORIDAE (1)
  • Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira
  • GREBES Fam. PODICIPEDIDAE (5)
  • White-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland
  • Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
  • Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
  • CORMORANTS Fam. PHALACROCORACIDAE (1)
  • Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
  • ANHINGAS Fam. ANHINGIDAE (1)
  • Anhinga Anhinga anhinga
  • HERONS Fam. ARDEIDAE (14)
  • Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis
  • Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum
  • Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius
  • Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
  • Striated Heron Butorides striata
  • Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
  • Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi
  • Great Egret Ardea alba
  • Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix
  • Snowy Egret Egretta thula
  • IBISES Fam. THRESKIORNITHIDAE (6)
  • White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi
  • Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis
  • Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus
  • Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja
  • STORKS Fam. CICONIIDAE (3)
  • Maguari Stork Ciconia maguari
  • Jabiru Jabiru mycteria
  • VULTURES Fam. CATHARTIDAE (5)
  • Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
  • Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
  • Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
  • King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa
  • HAWKS Fam. ACCIPITRIDAE (36)
  • Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
  • Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
  • White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
  • Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis
  • Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon
  • Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
  • Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis
  • Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus
  • Long-winged Harrier Circus buffoni
  • Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus
  • Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor
  • Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens
  • Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga
  • Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis
  • Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
  • Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus
  • White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus
  • Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis
  • Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja
  • Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus
  • Black Hawk-eagle Spizaetus tyrannus
  • Ornate Hawk-eagle Spizaetus ornatus
  • FALCONS Fam. FALCONIDAE (12)
  • Southern Caracara Caracara plancus
  • Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima
  • Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango
  • Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
  • Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
  • Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus
  • American Kestrel Falco sparverius
  • Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis
  • Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis
  • Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
  • LIMPKIN Fam. ARAMIDAE (1)
  • Limpkin Aramus guarauna
  • RAILS Fam. RALLIDAE (22)
  • Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea
  • Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura
  • Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius
  • Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis
  • Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans
  • Plumbeous Rail Pardirallus sanguinolentus
  • Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
  • Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
  • FINFOOTS Fam. HELIORNITHIDAE (1)
  • Sungrebe Heliornis fulica
  • SERIEMAS Fam. CARIAMIDAE (2)
  • Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata
  • PLOVERS Fam. CHARADRIIDAE (6)
  • Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
  • American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica
  • AVOCETS AND STILTS Fam. RECURVIROSTRIDAE (1)
  • Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus
  • SANDPIPERS Fam. SCOLOPACIDAE (22)
  • South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae
  • Giant Snipe Gallinago undulata
  • Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda
  • Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria
  • JACANAS Fam. JACANIDAE (1)
  • Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana
  • SKIMMERS Fam. RYNCHOPIDAE (1)
  • Black Skimmer Rynchops niger
  • PIGEONS Fam. COLUMBIDAE (16)
  • Plain-breasted Ground-Dove Columbina minuta
  • Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
  • Scaled Dove Columbina squammata
  • Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui
  • Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa
  • Rock Pigeon Columba livia
  • Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro
  • Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis
  • Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata
  • White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
  • Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla
  • Violaceous Quail-dove Geotrygon violacea
  • Ruddy Quail-dove Geotrygon montana
  • PARROTS AND PARAKEETS Fam. PSITTACIDAE (21)
  • Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana
  • White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma
  • Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis
  • Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus
  • Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius
  • Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri
  • Red-capped Parrot Pionopsitta pileata
  • Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani
  • Vinaceous Parrot Amazona vinacea
  • CUCKOOS Fam. CUCULIDAE (12)
  • Pearly-breasted Cockoo Coccyzus euleri
  • Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus
  • Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
  • Greater Ani Crotophaga major
  • Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
  • Guira Cuckoo Guira guira
  • Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
  • Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus
  • Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus
  • BARN OWLS Fam. TYTONIDAE (1)
  • Barn Owl Tyto alba
  • OWLS Fam. STRIGIDAE (15)
  • Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba
  • Black-capped Screech-Owl Megascops atricapilla
  • Tawny-browed Owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana
  • Rusty-barred Owl Strix hylophila
  • Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata
  • Black-banded Owl Ciccaba huhula
  • Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum
  • Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
  • Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus
  • POTOOS Fam. NYCTIBIIDAE (3)
  • Long-tailed Potoo Nyctibius aethereus
  • Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus
  • NIGHTJARS Fam. CAPRIMULGIDAE (14)
  • Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus
  • Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor
  • Nacunda Nighthawk Podager nacunda
  • Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
  • Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
  • Rufous Nightjar Caprimulgus rufus
  • Silky-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus sericocaudatus
  • Little Nightjar Caprimulgus parvulus
  • Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata
  • Sickle-winged Nightjar Eleothreptus anomalus
  • SWIFTS Fam. APODIDAE (6)
  • Sooty Swift Cypseloides fumigatus
  • Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
  • Sick's Swift Chaetura meridionalis
  • HUMMINGBIRDS Fam. TROCHILIDAE (18)
  • Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei
  • Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome
  • Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis
  • Plovercrest Stephanoxis lalandi
  • Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris
  • Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis
  • Gilded Hummingbird Hylocharis chrysura
  • White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis
  • White-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus guainumbi
  • Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor
  • Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina
  • TROGONS Fam. TROGONIDAE (3)
  • Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura
  • Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus
  • KINGFISHERS Fam. ALCEDINIDAE (5)
  • Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
  • Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona
  • Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana
  • Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda
  • American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea
  • MOTMOTS Fam. MOMOTIDAE (2)
  • Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus
  • PUFFBIRDS Fam. BUCCONIDAE (4)
  • Buff-bellied Puffbird Notharchus swainsoni
  • White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru
  • Rusty-breasted Nunlet Nonnula rubecula
  • TOUCANS Fam. RAMPHASTIDAE (5)
  • Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco
  • Red-breasted Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus
  • Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris
  • Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis
  • Saffron Toucanet Pteroglossus bailloni
  • WOODPECKERS Fam. PICIDAE (21)
  • Ochre-collared Piculet Picumnus temminckii
  • White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus
  • White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus
  • Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons
  • White-spotted Woodpecker Veniliornis spilogaster
  • Yellow-browed Woodpecker Piculus aurulentus
  • Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros
  • Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris
  • Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens
  • Helmeted Woodpecker Dryocopus galeatus
  • Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus
  • Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus
  • OVENBIRDS AND ALLIES Fam. FURNARIIDAE (45)
  • Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus
  • Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus
  • Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla
  • Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens
  • Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis
  • Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens
  • Spix's Spinetail Synallaxis spixi
  • Olive Spinetail Cranioleuca obsoleta
  • Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus
  • White-browed Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia amaurotis
  • Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
  • Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor lichtensteini
  • Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus
  • Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum
  • White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus
  • Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor
  • Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura
  • Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus
  • Plain Xenops Xenops minutus
  • Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
  • Plain-Brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa
  • Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
  • White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis
  • Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
  • Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus
  • Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
  • Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus
  • Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius
  • ANTBIRDS Fam. THAMNOPHILIDAE (22)
  • Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus
  • Large-tailed Antshrike Mackenziaena leachii
  • Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa
  • Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus
  • Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens
  • Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
  • Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus
  • Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
  • Bertoni’s Antbird Drymophila rubricollis
  • Dusky-tailed Antbird Drymophila malura
  • Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata
  • White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera
  • ANTPITTAS Fam. FORMICARIIDAE (3)
  • Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona
  • Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia
  • Speckle-breasted Antpitta Hylopezus nattereri
  • GNATEATERS Fam. CONOPOPHAGIDAE (1)
  • Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata
  • TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Fam. TYRANNIDAE (104)
  • Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri
  • Greenish Tyrannulet Phyllomyias virescens
  • Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps
  • Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata
  • Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster
  • Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis
  • White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps
  • Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris
  • Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca
  • Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
  • Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri
  • White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata
  • Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina
  • Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola
  • Bearded Tachuri Polystictus pectoralis
  • Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi
  • Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus
  • Southern Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes eximius
  • Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis
  • Sao Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulistus
  • Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus
  • Gray-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes rufiventris
  • Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus
  • Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta
  • Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis
  • Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops
  • Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
  • Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps
  • Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens
  • White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus
  • Russet-winged Spadebill Platyrinchus leucoryphus
  • Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus
  • Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri
  • Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus
  • Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus
  • Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus
  • Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris
  • Spectacled Tyrant Hymenops perspicillatus
  • Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys
  • Gray Monjita Xolmis cinereus
  • Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa
  • Cock-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus tricolor
  • Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora
  • Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus
  • Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa
  • Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius
  • Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
  • Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
  • Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgatus
  • Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus
  • Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
  • Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius
  • Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus
  • Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
  • Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
  • Sirystes Sirystes sibilator
  • Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus
  • Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni
  • Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox
  • Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus
  • Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum
  • Rufous-tailed Attila Attila phoenicurus
  • SHARPBILL Fam. OXYRUNCIDAE (1)
  • Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus
  • COTINGAS Fam. COTINGIDAE (3)
  • Bare-throated Bellbird Procnias nudicollis
  • Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus
  • MANAKINS Fam. PIPRIDAE (6)
  • Swallow-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata
  • Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda
  • INSERTAE SEDIS
  • Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor
  • Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana
  • Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens
  • Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis
  • Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus
  • White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus
  • Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus
  • Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris
  • VIREOS Fam. VIREONIDAE (3)
  • Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
  • Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus
  • Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis
  • JAYS Fam. CORVIDAE (3)
  • Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas
  • Plush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops
  • SWALLOWS Fam. HIRUNDINIDAE (13)
  • White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa
  • Chilean Swallow Tachycineta meyeni
  • Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera
  • Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
  • Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
  • Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata
  • Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
  • Bank Swallow Riparia riparia
  • Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
  • Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
  • WRENS Fam. TROGLODYTIDAE (6)
  • House Wren Troglodytes aedon
  • Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis
  • Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus
  • GNATCATCHERS Fam. POLIOPTILIDAE (2)
  • Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher Polioptila lactea
  • THRUSHES Fam. TURDIDAE (7)
  • Slaty-thrush Turdus nigriceps
  • Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris
  • Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas
  • Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus
  • White-necked Robin Turdus albicollis
  • MOCKINGBIRDS Fam. MIMIDAE (2)
  • Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus
  • PIPITS Fam. MOTACILLIDAE (6)
  • Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens
  • Ochre-breasted Pipit Anthus nattereri
  • TANAGERS Fam. THRAUPIDAE ()
  • Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus
  • Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata
  • Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida
  • Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps
  • Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops
  • Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus
  • White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus
  • Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca
  • Blue-and-yellow Tanager Thraupis bonariensis
  • Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus
  • Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota
  • Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon
  • Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana
  • Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis
  • Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana
  • Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira
  • Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum
  • INSERTAE SEDIS
  • Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica
  • Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosus
  • SPARROWS Fam. EMBERIZIDAE (83)
  • Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
  • Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis
  • Uniform Finch Haplospiza unicolor
  • Long-tailed Reed-finch Donacospiza albifrons
  • Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola
  • Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola
  • Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola
  • Lesser Grass-Finch Emberizoides ypiranganus
  • Great Pampa-Finch Embernagra platensis
  • Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
  • Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola
  • Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens
  • Capped Seedeater Sporophila bouvreuil
  • Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha
  • Marsh Seedeater Sporophila palustris
  • Chestnut Seedeater Sporophila cinnamomea
  • Chesnut-bellied Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis
  • Blackish-blue Seedeater Amaurospiza moesta
  • Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris
  • Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus
  • CARDINAL GROSSBEAKS CARDINALIDAE
  • Black-throated Grosbeak Saltator fuliginosus
  • Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens
  • Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis
  • Glaucous-blue Grosbeak Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea
  • Ultramarine Grosbeak Cyanocompsa brissonii
  • WOOD WARBLERS Fam. PARULIDAE (7)
  • Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi
  • Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis
  • Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
  • White-browed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus
  • Riverbank Warbler Phaeothlypis rivularis
  • BLACKBIRDS, COWBIRDS AND ALLIES Fam. ICTERIDAE (20)
  • Solitary Black Cacique Cacicus solitarius
  • Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous
  • Golden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus
  • Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis
  • Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi
  • Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus
  • Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus
  • Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus
  • Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus
  • Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro
  • Screaming Cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris
  • Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus
  • Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis
  • White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris
  • FINCHES Fam. FRINGILLIDAE (1)
  • Hooded Siskin Carduelis magellanica
  • Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica
  • Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea
  • Green-throated Euphonia Euphonia chalybea
  • Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala
  • Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis
  • Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea
  • SPARROWS Fam. PASSERIDAE (1)
  • House Sparrow Passer domesticus 

    List by Paul Smith et. al. and produced for Guyra Paraguay (BirdLife partner) by Alberto Esquivel, Hugo del Castillo 2007 (copyright), reproduced with kind permission. 

    International status follow Birdlife International: E?=probably extinct; EN=endangered; VU=vulnerable; Th=Threatened; NT=near threatened; LC=least concern on Red List of birds. 

    Other Fauna 

    A total of -- species of mammals. 

    There are about 30 recorded species of amphibians and also 30 of reptiles. A new species of lizard is to be described. 

    Flora 

    Over -- plant species recorded. 

    thanks to Hans and Christine Hostettler, Paul Smith, volunteers Attila Bankovics, Pro-Cosara guards and Guyra Paraguay 

    References 

    Guyra Paraguay, BirdLife partner 

    BirdLife International (2005) Data Zone 

    shttp://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html 

    Fauna Paraguay 

    This site has an extensive photo library covering all Paraguayan animals, and a sound data base for birds is now online.www.faunaparaguay.com 

    For more information on volunteering on bird study projects in Paraguay, or for customised bird tours to anywhere in Paraguay contact Paul Smith via his website Fauna Paraguay or by email to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    www.birdingsiteguide.com