VERIFICATION OF BIRD SPECIES SEEN AT IRACAMBI
List compiled by Bryan P. Wainwright. Species total 244 last updated 2007
Species appearing in square brackets [] are pending further evidence for a final decision.
This list is designed to give reliable information on all the species of bird recorded at Iracambi, and provides justification for the species appearing on the official list. It further is intended to provide an idea of the status of each species at Iracambi at the present time, if only unfortunately in a subjective way at the moment.
Non-Passerines
Tinamiformes Tinamidae
Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus Inhambu-acu
This species can be heard on the Graminha trail, giving it rising pitch series of whistles which become faster and faster, before ending abruptly. Two birds seen and heard well by BPW on Graminha trail (in 2004/5).
Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa Inhambu-chinta
This species is very frequently heard around the Centro, and elsewhere (BPW 2007), though seldom seen, and does not seem to range higher up where Brown Tinamou is more likely to be found. It is silent in winter around Centro, though birds are heard at the Secret Valley at this time. The birds at the Secret Valley need more checking.
Podicipediformes Podicipedidae
Least Grebe Podiceps dominicus Mergulhao-pequeno
Infrequent at the fish ponds in 2004/5 (BPW).
Pelecaniiformes Anhingidae
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Bigua-tinga
This record has not been traced. There seems confusion between this species and Neotropical Cormorant by some people, looking at English names and scientific!
Ciconiiformes Ardeidae
Great Egret Casmerodius alba Garca-branca
Usually lone birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Striated Heron Butorides striatus Socozinho
Usually lone birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Garca-vaqueira
Birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix Maria-faceira
Birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW). Has increased substantially with sometimes up to 8 birds present in the meadows.
Capped Heron Piloherodius pileatus Pilherodius pileatus
Usually lone birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW). This formerly regular species seems to have declined to almost nothing since the first appearance of Whistling Herons here.
Anseriformes Anatidae
White-faced Tree Duck Dendrocygna viduata Irere
First seen on 03/10/03, rarely seen since.
Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis Marreca-pe-vermelho
Birds seen in the meadows below Casa De Barro in 2004/5 (BPW), seems to be more frequent now. Also in 2007 seen at the pond near Centro.
Falconiformes Cathartidae
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Urubu
Common to very common.
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Urubu-de-cebeca-vermelha
Quiet common. Some birds show white on the upperwing primaries and white legs, and a more yellow head as Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, but do not fly with a flat profile wings, and these birds remain a mystery.
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture
Birds fitting this description are seen in the area, even though the habitat is not right. These birds are a mystery.
Falconiformes Accipitridae
Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsoni Gaviaozinho
Scarce and infrequently seen.
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Gaviao-tesoura
Migratory, and infrequently seen on passage. Some days groups into double figures may be seen, and some may linger several days.
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Gaviao-sauveiro
First seen over the Centre on 25/12/04 (BPW). This very distinctive grey bird with rufous primaries from below was seen well over the Centro, in good light on more than one occasion, but not since. Undoubtably rare in the area.
White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus Gaviao-de-rabo-branco
Uncommon seen in higher parts, especially the High Trail.
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Gaviao-carijo
This common and widespread species is infrequently met with, though doubtless a couple of pairs are resident in the area.
Grey Hawk Buteo nitidus Gaviao-pedres
No confimed sightings. Pending.
Mantled Hawk* VU Th EN Leucopternis polionota Gaviao-pomba
First seen as it landed just in front of me (20m) in the forest of the High Trail. I expected it to be White-necked Hawk but on closer inspection the lower half of the tail was completely white, without the black sub-terminal band of White-necked Hawk. Mantled Hawk has never been recorded in this area, though there is no reason why it should not occur, as its range extends over this area and at this altitude and the habitat is ideal. There was only a single white spot on the folded wing, which is closer to White-necked Hawk but this feature may have been because the bird was in moult. Note the black tail band of White-necked Hawk would still show on a bird in moult. The call was very like White-necked Hawk, though Mantled Hawk is supposed to have a similar call anyway. Following this sighting came several sightings in December 2004 by BPW, always on the top of the High Trail, which was either this species or White-necked Hawk, views were always frustratingly inconclusive. Later examination of a stuffed bird (at Augusto Ruschi museum) confirmed the first sighting as Mantled Hawk.
White-necked Hawk* VU Th EN Leucopternis lacernulata Gaviao-pomba
Rare, infrequently seen, usually seen high over this area or along the higher parts of the High Trail.
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Gaviao-caboclo
At least 2 pairs are resident in the Fazenda, or immediate area, one pair in the meadows at Casa de Barro and the other somewhere in the vicinity of the Centro.
Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga Gavião-preto
First seen over the Centre on 12/12/04. This large black raptor is unlikely to be confused, at least in this area, the tail pattern is diagnostic.
Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Gaviaozinho
First seen flying and perched in open areas at the Centre on 19/01/07 (BPW). The main identification being the sparrowhawk shape, slender form, bright red iris and tail pattern. This species is easily mistaken for certain other species namely Roadside Hawk, Barred Forest-Falcon and Tiny Hawk. It may be told from the former by its smaller, slender shape and paler face and different tail colours, and may be told from the forest-falcon on habits mainly, as the forest-falcon inhabits mature forest interiors and would not be seen in open areas; it has all dark cheeks unlike the hawk and a completely different tail pattern. It most resembles the rare (or under-recorded) Tiny Hawk, however the iris of Tiny Hawk is yellow not red, Sharp-shinned lacks the white supercilium of Tiny Hawk instead having a pale almost white face. On the bird I saw the iris colour was ruby red and the tail was clearly seen as well as other features.
Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens gavião-pernilongo
First seen over the Centre on 21/12/04 (BPW), distinctive underwing pattern.
Falconiformes Falconidae
Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Acaua
Seen in winter along the road towards Casa de Barro, sometimes near entrance to Secret Valley.
Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus Gaviao-relogio
Seldom observed and scarce. Last record 1 adult (white phase!?) & 1 immature, Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis Gaviao-cabure
Seldom observed, usually only seen as a flash of a raptor shape in good forest, when difficult to tell from similar species such as the common and widespread Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Carrapateiro, Pinhe
The most frequently encountered caracara in the area.
Crested Caracara Polyborus plancus Caracara
Infrequent but fairly regular, the immatures of this species can easily look like Chimango Caracara, which does not occur in this area, but could conceivably do so as a vagrant.
Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Falcao-morcegueiro
No information.
Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Falcao-de-coleira
First seen over Angola on 16/11/04 (BPW), this large, long-winged falcon is easily recognised.
American Kestrel Falco sparverius Quiriquiri
The commonest falcon around and frequently and easily observed, usually in open areas.
Galliformes Cracidae
Dusky-legged Guan LC Th VU Penelope obscura Jacuacu, Jacu
The strange guttural noises of this species can often be heard in less frequented areas of both good and secondary forest, seeing them is another matter and often all that is glimpsed is large black shapes moving deeper into the forest, while calling.
Gruiformes Rallidae
Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea Saracura-tres-potes
Not often seen, more shy and tied to swampy areas, but can occasionally be seen on the track from the Centro to Casa De Barro, especially near where the stream from the marsh runs across the track just before the Centro gate.
Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura Saracura-do-mato
This species is the most frequently encountered of the rails, and is quite easily seen around the Centro in the early mornings or evenings, being like other rails very crepuscular. Its resemblance to the Blackish Rail is uncanny, and doubtless has caused much confusion, however there are some reliable ways in which to tell these 2 similar species apart, the main difference being voice (check the recordings). The other main difference is the colour of the bill, in the Blackish Rail it is darker green and longer whereas the wood-rail’s is yellowier, and the Blackish Rail has a whiter throat.
Common Gallinule Gallinula chloropus Frango-d'agua
Common wherever there is water.
Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica Frango-d'agua-azul
First seen at Angola on 03/11/04 (BPW), later bred at the ponds (RLB).
Gruiformes Cariamidae
Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata Seriema
Surprisingly numerous if the amount of distinctive calls heard are anything to go by. Up to 3 may be seen on the hillsides with pasture, particularly near the Centro.
Charadriiformes Jacanidae
Wattled Jacana Janaca janaca Piacoca
Common wherever there is water.
Charadriiformes Charadriidae
Southern Lapwing Vanellas chilensis Quero-quero
Common in the meadows.
Columbiformes Columbidae
Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata
Picazuro Pigeon Columba picazuro Pomba-asa-branca
The commonest and largest pigeon.
Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis pomba-galega
First seen on track to Centre on 20/12/2004, uncommon, obviously overlooked before. Mainly seen flying across the path, perches secluded and is wary.
Plumbeous Pigeon Colomba plumbea Pomba-amargosa
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Rolinha
Very common, the females seem to cause people identification problems with, Plain-winged Ground-Dove, a cerrado species, been claimed.
Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa Pomba-de-espelho
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Juriti
Quite common, its deep slow ‘whoo’ calls sound very primate like!
Psittaciformes Psittacidae
Blue-winged Macaw NT -- -- Propyrrhura maracana Maracana
Infrequently observed in pairs or small groups, more numerous where there is more expanse of good forest, on the High Trail or towards Itajuru.
Reddish-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis tiriba-de-testa-vermelha
Seen briefly flying from trees towards the Centre. They flew away from the observer and banked to join some Blue-winged Macaws, they were a similar (slightly smaller) size. They had ochre faces and the dark crown and nape were clearly visible as was the reddish tail. The views were only a few seconds at a poor angle and there are other species in range that have similar face markings. Seen once, January 2005 by BPW.
White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Periquitao-maracana
The commonest large parrot, their loud raucous calls helps them to be seen or at least heard daily.
Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Tuim
Fairly common if easily missed as they dart by, often low, the small flash of blue and green can easily be mistaken for a passerine.
Reddish-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis
This species was observed and identified while flying at Itajuru (the municipal park) on 10th June 2007 (BPW), from their mellow short calls and reddish bellies on some adults. Later the same day about 6 birds were seen very well perched in trees.
Plain Parakeet* Brotogeris tirica
This species was first seen on track to Centre on 11/12/2004 (BPW). The blue on the wings of this species may cause confusion in flight with Blue-winged Macaw, however the call is different and my observation was of perched birds, which are easy to tell, due to the difference in head and face markings.
Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Maitaca-de-Maximiliano
Seen more in winter flying in pairs or small groups, and giving their characteristic mellower (than White-eyed Parakeet) double call, with pauses between. Flight very direct.
Cuculiformes Cuculidae
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Alma-de-gato
A skulking species with a repertoire of odd calls, and fairly common in forest.
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Anu-preto
Common in a variety of habitats, most easily seen in pasture.
Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Anu-branco
Not very common but widespread.
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Peixe-frito
Strigiformes Tytonidae
Barn Owl Tyto alba Suindara
Strigiformes Strigidae
Tropical Screech Owl Otus choliba Corujinha-do-mato
Often heard calling behind the Centro at night.
Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Coruja-buraqueira
Seen in pastures near Graminha, just off Iracambi land.
Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Curiango
One of the most frequently encountered night bird, often sits on the track near the Centro.
Apodiformes Apodidae
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris andorinhão-de-coleira
Rare, occasionally seen darting over the Centro often high up, can be very difficult to tell from the equally likely but so far unrecorded Biscuate Swift.
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayanensis
New for Iracambi, 1, main road north of Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005). Also 3 were seen 4th May 2007 (BPW).
Apodiformes Trochilidae
Black Jacobin Melanotrochilus fuscus Beija-flor-preto-e-branco
Fairly common and easily encountered and identified in summer.
White-vented Violet-ear Colibri serrirostris
A new record for Iracambi (actually just beyond the Fazenda) 1 singing, coffee plantation, Eastern slope of Pico Graminha (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Dusky-throated Hermit* Phaethornis squalidus Rabo-branco-miudo
This is much more of a forest bird than Planalto Hermit, seen on Graminha Trail.
Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo
Found in forest and open scrub areas, fairly common.
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber Besourinho-da-mata
This species is present on the High Trail and is also seen around the computer room at Centro.
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura Tesourao
Fairly common.
Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostibon aureoventris Besourinho-do-bico-vermelho
Fairly common.
Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis Beija-flor-de-fronte-violeta
Uncommon to rare.
White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis Papo-branco
Uncommon on the High Trail.
Sapphire-spangled Emerald Amazilia lactae Beija-flor-de-peito-azul
Very like the next species, Glittering-throated Emerald. Sapphire Spangled lacks white tail tips on tail and has a more purple (than blue) throat, Sapphire-spangled is more a forest species.
Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata beija-flor-de-garganta-verde
This species was first seen on track to Centre on 09/11/2004 (BPW). Feeding on a flowering bush at the stream (the first stream from Casa de Barro going towards the Centro after the first big hill). The centre of the belly is white. This species is less common overall than the previous similar species as it is more a cerrado species. See Sapphire-spangled Emerald for the main differences.
Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina Estrelinha
Rare and seldom encountered, in open areas around the top of the High Trail; especially in the area of the flat volcanic rock.
Trogoniformes Trogonidae
White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis Surucua-violeta
Somewhat strangely listed as ´´apparently extinct in Vicosa area´´ this species was occasionally seen at Iracambi, and if there is any patch of forest left near Vicosa will no doubt still be found there!
Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura aurantius (surucuá-de-peito-azul)
First seen along the Secret Valley Trail on 01/11/2004 (BPW) the main difference of this species from White-tailed being belly colour (orange in northern Surucua race and yellow in White-tailed) and tail pattern (the inner webs being black on Surucua and white on White-tailed; hence name). The calls are also somewhat different.
Coraciiformes Alcedinidae
Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata Martim-pescador-grande
Occasionally encountered wherever there is water.
Amazon Kingfisher Ceryle amazona Martim-pescador-?
First seen at fish ponds 06/12/04, with three present (BPW). If an observer is not familiar with this and Green Kingfisher then they can be confused, even though in reality Amazon is much closer in size to Ringed than Green is to Amazon. Green is quite small, but Amazon Kingfisher always looks large.
[Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Martim-pescador-pequeno
Not confirmed yet, in past mistaken for Amazon despite size!]
Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea Martim-pescador-miudinho
No information on this elusive species.
Piciformes Bucconidae
White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Joao-bobo
Piciformes Ramphastidae
Black-necked Aracari Pteroglossus aracari Aracari
Sometimes seem in small numbers around the forest at the Centro.
Saffron Toucanet NT -- -- Baillonius bailloni
Along the trail towards Itajuru, in the forest at its base (the municipal park) on 10th June 2007 (BPW), 3 birds quietly moved quietly through the forest, one was seen exceptionally well as it viewed the observer.
Piciformes Picidae
White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus Pica-pau-anao-barrado
Scarce but also easily overlooked in forest.
Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Pica-pau-do-campo
Quite common and conspicuous.
Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Pica-pau-verde-barrado
Rare in good forest.
Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens Pica-pau-de-cabeca-amarela
Uncommon in forest.
Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula Pica-pau-bufador
Yellow-browed Woodpecker NT -- -- Piculus aurulentus Pica-pau-dourado
Uncommon in good forest especially found along Graminha Trail.
White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus Birro
Fairly common in open areas with dead standing wood, seen particularly around Casa de Barro.
Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Pica-pau-pequeno
Very scarce in forest and occasionally more lightly wooded areas. Very similar to Yellow-eared, and little good info on the differences. Female Little’s are distinctive with white supercilium and moustachial stripes on greyish cheeks. Male Little’s are more difficult to tell from Yellow-eared, but they completely lack yellow on the nape and the forecrown has no white spots.
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Pica-pau-de-banda-branca
Uncommon, can be seen on the edges of forested areas around the Centro and on the High Trail, needs to be checked carefully for much rarer Robust Woodpecker.
Robust Woodpecker LC LC Th Campephilus robustus Pica-pau-rei
Last record was 1 female, Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005). Also rarely observed on the Secret Valley Trail, its loud double knock is quite different from the machine gun of Lineated.
Yellow-eared Woodpecker* Veniliornis maculifrons pica-pauzinho-de-testa-pintada
First seen on the High Trail on 14/12/04 (BPW). This species is very similar to Little Woodpecker, slightly larger and with white streaks on the forehead and a lot of yellow on the nape. It is at least as common as Little Woodpecker, best told by very different call.
Passerines
Passeriformes Furnariinae
Band-tailed Hornero* Furnarius figulus Casaca-de-couro-da-lama
Slight range extension to Ridgely.
Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Joao-de-barro
Common in a variety of habitats.
Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Ui-pi
Slight range extension to Ridgely, but o.k. in Souza (2002), probably does not occur as it is more a cerrado species, likely a misidentification of Pallid Spinetail.
Spix's Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Joao-tenenem
Heard far more frequently than seen and not uncommon.
Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla Pichochore
Heard far more frequently than seen and not uncommon.
Grey-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens Joao-tenenem-da-mata
Uncommon and not found in scrub like other species, but only in dense low tangles near the forest floor.
Pallid Spinetail* Cranioleuca pallida Arredio-palido
Rare, sometimes seen in mixed flocks at mid to canopy height, at forest edge. The calls of the Cranioleuca spinetails are all similar but this is the only one in the area. An example of a sighting was around Centro in May 2007.
Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea Curutié
This species was miss-identified by early observers, first correctly identified at Angola on 03/11/2004 (BPW).
Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Joao-de-pau
Common, slight range extension to Ridgely
Firewood Gatherer Anumbius anumbi Cochicho
No pairs actually noted on the Fazenda recently, but apparently occurs close-by, slight range extension to Ridgely
Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Bico-virado-carijo
Scarce in good forest, except for its upturned bill resembles Sharp-billed Treehunter.
Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus Bico-virado-do-sul
Rare in good forest, closely resembles Streaked Xenops except for bill. No recent confirmed records.
Buff-browed Foliage-Gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata Lipa-folha-quiete
Rare, but not as rare or threatened as the extremely similar White-browed Foliage-Gleaner, the best way to tell them apart is by their supercilium, calls and habitat. White-browed is always seen low down usually below 2m off ground and frequently in Chusquea bamboo, Buff-browed is found at mid-levels. Slight range extension to Ridgely, but o.k. in Souza (2002).
Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner Philydor rufus Limpa-folha-testa-baia
Uncommon, closely resembles Ochre-bellied Foliage-Gleaner which could occur here. Check overall colour and the forehead.
White-collared Foliage-Gleaner* Anabazenops fuscus Trepador-coleira
Uncommon.
White-eyed Foliage-Gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus Barranqueiro-de-olho-branco
Uncommon, but heard far more easily than seen.
Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus
First seen on the High Trail near Graminha gate 6th March 2007, the bird was calling and observed for over 5 minutes perched on a branch in the open about 40cm high (BPW).
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor Vlra-folha-vermelho
A difficult species to see, rare on ground level inside good forest on High Trail, listen for rustle of leaves.
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Joao-porca
Fairly common but widespread, found along forested streams often small.
Passeriformes Dendrocolaptinae
Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina
On 5th May 2007, a bird at mid-level in a mixed flock was observed at very close quarters (less than 5 metres) by BPW. The bird also called giving its distinctive prolonged (over 30 seconds) ‘kikikiki….’ Call. The bird was superficially like Olivaceous Woodcreeper, but larger and without the contrast in the wing. Thrush-like also shows a crested look and distinctive white throat which Olivaceous never does, both features seen very well on the observed bird. This species was almost certainly seen, at least once before this confirmed sighting in 2007 but views had proved unsatisfactory.
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus Arapacu-verde
Uncommon in forest.
White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis Arapacu-de-garganta-branca
Rare, check any large woodcreepers for similar species such as Buff-throated and Planalto, which could both occur in this area. Best told on call, the White-throated has a very loud and distinctive call unlike the others.
Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus Arapacu-escamado
This species is scarce and quite similar to Narrow-billed, however it is more strongly patterned below with a black background colour and the bills differ in colour and shape.
Lesser Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fuscus
This species is scarce and quite similar to Scaled, however it is less strongly patterned and the bills differ in colour and shape. Slight range extension to Ridgely, but o.k. in Souza (2002)
Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius Arapacu-de-bico-torto
Rare in the good forest along Graminha Trail.
Passeriformes Formicariidae
Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa Borralhara
This species can be heard in scrubby areas such as on the Alvorada (Dawn Trail), although you may never see one! Rare.
Large-tailed Antshrike Antshrike Mackenziaena leachii
Occasionally heard giving its distinct ‘fee, fee’ x11 or x12 call, that rises in pitch then falls, on hills behind Centro (Dawn Trail area) but never seen!!!
Giant Antshrike Batara cinerea Matracao
Rare and even harder top see.
Rufous-capped Antshrike Thamnophilus ruficapillus Choca-de-chapeu-vermelho
Rare, but sometimes seen near the 2nd gate from the Centro.
Eastern Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus punctatus
Fairly common in wooded areas.
Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens Choca-da-mata
Uncommon to scarce in wooded areas, less common than Eastern Slaty-Antshrike which it closely resembles.
Ferruginous Antbird* Drymophila ferruginea Trovoada
Quite rare on the trails in the nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea
First seen, low down and alone on the Secret Valley Trail on 2nd March 2007 (BPW). This species is very similar to Serra Antwren, which seems to have been misidentified as occurring in Brigadeiro State Park, quite apart from the altitude being too high for Serra, the habitat is completely wrong in the state park, as Serra Antwren occurs in arid scrub and bush often in cerrado grasslands. The other confusion species is Rusty-backed Antwren, which again is more a cerrado scrub and forest edge species. White-fringed though also occurring in some of the same areas is the only one of the 3 that inhabits the interior of humid forest, secondary humid forest and edge habitats. I (BPW) have also observed this species at Itajuru, in 2004.
Ochre-rumped Antbird* NT -- -- Drymophila ochropyga Trovoada-ocre
Rare on the trails in the nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
White-shouldered Fire-Eye Pyriglena leucoptera Papa-taoca
Quite rare on the trails in the nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
Passeriformes Conopophagidae
Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata Chupa-dente
Uncommon but widespread in forested areas.
Passeriformes Rhinocryptidae
Mouse-coloured Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae Tapaculo-preto
Rare in forested areas.
Passeriformes Tyranninae
Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Guaracavaode-barriga-amarela
No confirmed records, there may be several species present at Iracambi, including this species, maybe Large Eleania, Olivaceous Elaenia and Lesser Eleania, though only the latter has been satifactorily confirmed.
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca
A bird first identified as Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca first seen on the Nature Trail on 13/11/04 (BPW) which did not call may have in fact have been Lesser Elaenia as this has been confirmed since by its unique call. The 2 species look almost identical.
Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura
Some large Eleanias with dusky breasts and mucky yellow on lower below have been causing confusion. They however have only 2 wing bars not 3 as Large Eleania would and are therefore most likely to be Highland Eleanias. The calls were infrequent but fitted this species. Seen at Iracambi and Itajuru in May and June 2007.
Sooty Tyrannulet
Seen and photographed at Angola by Muffi Forbes. New for Iracambi (2005).
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Risadinha
Uncommon is scrubby and edge habitats.
Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus Piolhinho
Seen often, as a pair around the trees of the marsh at Centro, in summer (BPW).
Southern Bristle-Tyrant NT -- -- Phylloscartes eximius Barbudinho
Surprisingly similar to Sepia-capped Flycatcher and Yellow-olive Flycatcher in the books in face pattern, but more contrasting colours of black and white. It is actually a tyrannulet, but unlike many other species in these families keeps lower down in the mid-canopy. This species is not confirmed for Iracambi.
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Cabecudo
Uncommon in wooded areas, sits upright and is much less active than any tyrannulet, spending long periods perched in easy view in the mid-canopy.
Grey-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes rufiventris Abre-asa-de-cabeca-cinza
Fairly common, especially at certain times of the year, along trails around the Centro, particularly Nature Trail. Superficially like Grey-hooded Attila but much smaller than that species.
Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis Miudinho
Uncommon in open forest, scrub and marginal haitats. No recent records, old records may have been misidentified (White-throated Spadebill or Orche-faced Tody-Flycatcher).
Orche-faced Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum plumbeiceps Ferreirinho-de-cara-canela
Uncommon but widespread in forest and scrub.
Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum coloreum Relógio o ferreirinho
First 25/11/04 at dairy (BPW), note the race here has an olive back (not dark grey) and is therefore the same colour as Yellow-lored.
Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher* Todirostrum poliocephalum Ferreirinho
This and Common Tody-Flycatcher are known to occur together, this species prefers forest.
Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi Estalador-do-sul
One was seen on the Secret Valley Trail 23rd April (BPW).
White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Patinho
Uncommon, more frequent in good forest.
Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Bico-chato-de-orelha-preta
Very common and easily confused, best told by call. This species at times looks like Southern Bristle-Tyrant, Sepia-capped Flycatcher or even Mottle-cheeked or PlanaltoTyrannulet! Good views are needed in the often shaded areas it is fond of.
Bran-coloured Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus (rufescens) Filipe
Probably not uncommon, however this might be biased by the frequent sighting of the species around the Centro.
Euler's Flycatcher Empidonax euleri Enferrujado
Found more inside good forest and not in open areas as Bran-coloured usually is.
Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus Papa-moscas-cinzento
Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Gibao-de-couro
Rare, occasionally seen perched on large boulders along the streams.
Grey Monjita Xolmis cinerea Maria-branca
White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velata Noivinha-branca
Rare on hilly pasture with mature trees such as some areas around Casa de Barro.
Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys Suiriri-pequeno
First seen at Casa de Barro on 24/11/04 (BPW), and baffling why this frequent and distinctive (if scarce) species was not recorded before.
Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus Suiriri-cavaleiro
Common in areas of pasture.
Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa Tesoura-do-brejo
Scarce in marshy areas.
Shear-tailed Grey-Tyrant Muscipipra vetula Tesourinha-cinza
First seen at the top of the Dawn Trail on 18/11/04 (BPW), rare and does not seemingly occur lower down.
Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta Lavadeira-mascarada
Common and conspicuous.
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Lavadeira-de-cabeca-branca o freirinha
Rare but regularly encountered where there is marsh and water near Casa de Barro.
Grey-hooded Attila* Attila rufus Capitao-de-saira
Uncommon but frequently encountered. Superficially like Grey-hooded Flycatcher but much larger than that species, and the Attila has a very loud and distinctive call which it gives frequently.
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Maria-cavaleira
The commonest Myiarchus on the Fazenda, best told by voice, looking most like Swainson’s.
Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox
Overlooked in the past, but not particularly rare in summer at least, this difficult species is best told from other Myiarchus by voice and the presence of any pink in the colour of the base of the bill, which no other Myiarchus shows as much of if any.
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua Neinei
Uncommon but widespread.
Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Bentevi
Common and widespread.
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Bentevizinho-penacho-vermelho
Uncommon and widespread.
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Bentevi-rajado
Uncommon and widespread, large with large bill and easy to learn call.
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Bentevi-pirata
Rare and difficult to tell from Variegated Flycatcher, but mainly the small size and small bill and call are enough.
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius Peitica
Not always easy to discern from Piratic Flycatcher, the main difference apart from voice being that it is a large flycatcher, not quite as large as Variegated, but with a small bill.
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Suiriri
White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Suiriri-de-arganta-branca
Rare, not seen in recent years on the Fazenda or in neighboring areas, slight range extension to Ridgely, but o.k. in Souza (2002). Early records are probably misidentifications.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Tesourinha
Uncommon, birds are migrant.
Velvety Tyrant Knipolegus nigerrimus
Along streams (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes Maria-preta-de-penacho
Uncommon, seen in pasture around Casa de Barro.
Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis
First seen on Graminha Trail 5/01/07 and the bird was calling (BPW).
Passeriformes Cotingidae
Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis Caneleiro-verde
Rare in good forest.
White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Caneleiro-preto
Quite rare in forest, difficult to be sure of identification from Black-capped Becard without a decent view, which usually is not easy! Becards are not infrequent in the High Trail area, but most are not identifiable.
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Caneleiro-borado
Quite rare in forest, difficult to be sure of identification from Black-capped Becard without a decent view, which usually is not easy!
Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Araponguinha-de-cara-preta
Quite rare in forest.
Passeriformes Pipridae
Thrush-like Mourner Schiffornis turdinus Flautlm-marrom
No recent records.
Greenish Mourner Schiffornis virescens Flautim-verde
No recent records.
Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Tangara
Common and widespread, much more often heard than seen.
White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Rendeira
A female first seen on Nature Trail 21/02/02 (Jeff Ott); lek found on Dawn Trail 18/12/04 (BPW). Also heard in other areas such as close to the start of Secret Valley Trail.
Pin-tailed Manakin* Ilicura militaris Tangarazinho
Rare, seen in forest around Graminha usually in winter. Males are unmistakable and make a rustling noise when flying, but females are best told by their yellow eyes.
Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus Bico-agudo
Rare, seen in forest around Itajuru, not aware of any recent records actually on the Fazenda.
Bare-throated Bellbird VU -- VU Procnias nudicollis Arapongo
Rare, seen in forest on High Trail and around Graminha, birds are most often immature males, probably forced away to these marginal areas from the good primary forest around Itajuru by more mature males there.
Oscine Passerines
Passeriformes Corvidae
Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus Gralha-do-cerrado
Rare around pastures towards High Trail, slight range extension to Ridgely
Passeriformes Hirundinidae
Brown-chested Martin Phaeoprogne tapera Andorinha-serrador
Rare, migrant birds are probably involved.
Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Andorinha-domestica-grande
Rare, migrant birds are probably involved.
White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Andorinha-de-rabadilha-branca
Rare, migrant birds are probably involved.
Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca Andorinha-pequena-de-casa
Common and widespread, several pairs are always present.
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Andorinha-serrador
Can be common and widespread, regularly one or 2 birds around; migrant birds are probably involved.
Passeriformes Troglodytidae
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus Japacanim
Seen in marsh and pasture just past the first bridge from the Centro.
House Wren Troglodytes aedon Corruira
Common and widespread, many pairs are always present.
Passeriformes Turdidae
Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Sabia-leranjeira
Common and widespread, several pairs are always present.
Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus Sabia-poca
Uncommon and local, few birds present.
Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Sabia-barranco
Common and widespread, several pairs are always present.
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis Sabia-coleira
Rare.
Yellow-legged Thrush Platycichla flavipes sabiaúna
A First seen perched at the top of a small tree at the top of the High Trail, near the flat volcanic rock area, on 14/12/04 (BPW). The yellow legs on this male were clearly visible.
Passeriformes Mimidae
Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus Sabia-do-campo
Uncommon, single birds occasionally seen.
Passeriformes Motacillidae
Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens Caminheiro-zumbidor
Migrant, when on passage can occur in some numbers in pastures, when their distinctive calls hail their presence.
Passeriformes Vireonidae
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Pitiguari
Rare in forest on the High Trail.
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus chivi Juruviara
This is the non-migratory race and single birds can be occasionally seen in areas with forest with open patches and edge habitat.
Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis Verdinho-coroado
Uncommon, often in a mixed flock, fast and active.
Passeriformes Parulinae
Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis Pia-cobra
Uncommon but widespread, usually in marshy areas.
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus Pula-pula
Quite common in forest areas.
Passeriformes Thraupinae
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Sai-azul
Uncommon and often with mixed flocks, but regularly seen.
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Cambacica
Uncommon but regularly seen.
Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum Figuinha-de-crisso-castanho
Uncommon but regularly seen.
Rufous-headed Tanager* Hemithraupis ruficapilla Saira-da-mata
Rare.
Hooded Tanger Nemosia pileata Saíra-de-chapéu-preto
Rare.
Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida Saira-canario
Rare.
Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Saira-amarelo
Common and widespread.
Brassy-breasted Tanager* Tangara desmaresti Saira-lagarta
Uncommon and widespread. Only seen in the High Trail area often in mixed flocks.
Gilt-edged Tanager* LC -- -- IBA 075 Tangara cyanoventris Douradinha
Common and widespread. Seen at lower altitudes than Brassy-breasted Tanager often as a single species flock.
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Gaturamo-fi-fi
Rare.
Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea Gaturamo-rei
Rare.
Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Sai-andorinha
Quite rare but regular, especially around Centro.
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Sanhaco-de-coqueiro
Rare.
Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus
New for Iracambi, between Centro and Pico Graminha often low down and skulking, particularly in bamboo behind Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Golden-chevroned Tanager* Thraupis ornata Sanhaco-de-encontro-amarelo
Quite common and widespread.
Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Sanhaco-de-fogo
Common and widespread.
Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava Sanhaco-de-fogo
Rare and not often seen, slight range extension to Ridgely
Brazilian Tanager* Ramphocelus bresilius Tie-sangue
Rare and not seen very often, a male used to frequent the borders along the driveway to Casa de Barro, but has not been seen recently.
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus Tiê-galo
First seen at Nature Trail on 10/11/04 (BPW), it moved fast in a small mixed flock and was difficult to get a good view of, but luckily I was able to see the cream patches for just long enough.
Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Tie-preto
Common and widespread. The female may be mistaken for the rare Brown Tanager, calls are different.
Brown Tanager* NT -- -- Orchesticus abeillei Tiê-pardo
Rare and not easy to identify from various foliage-gleaners and especially female Ruby-crowned Tanager, care is needed. Seen infrequently on the top of the High Trail, though also sometimes observed on Nature Trail.
Black-goggled Tanager Trichthraupis melanops Tie-de-topete
Uncommon and widespread.
Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus Bico-de-veludo
Rare, seen in good forest along High Trail etc.
Magpie Tanager Cissopis leveriana Tietinga
Uncommon but widespread, can be seen in any forested patch.
Passeriformes Icterinae
Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi
Not observed on Fazenda recently, was previously seen on pasture towards High Trail.
White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris Policia-inglesa-do-sul
Rare in pasture areas.
Chestnut-capped Blackbird Agelaius ruficapillus Garibaldi
Quite common in marshes and pasture below Casa de Barro.
Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Chopim
Uncommon and not seen in numbers, occasional in pasture.
Passeriformes Cardinalinae
Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Trinca-ferro-verdadeiro
Uncommon but regularly seen.
Passeriformes Emberizinae
Blackish-blue Seedeater NT Th VU Amaurospiza moesta Cigarrinha-da-taquara
Only one record from High Trail area, not recorded for 6 years (Fung Yee Lam & Jennifer Wilkening, May 2001), this fast declining chusquea bamboo specialist may already have been extirpated.
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Tiziu
Common and widespread.
Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosa Cigarra-do-coqueiro
Rare and identification not so straightforward. Often found with seedeaters, which may or may not contain Blue-black Grassquits.
Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis Baiano
Common and widespread in seeding grass.
Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens Coleirinho
Common and widespread in seeding grass.
White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Patativa-chorona
Rare and local, seen on edge of forest above Eucalyptus Trail.
Cinereous Warbling-Finch* VU Th VU Poospiza cinerea Capacetinho-do-oco-do-pau
Only one record from High Trail area, not recorded for 6 years (Fung Yee Lam & Jennifer Wilkening, May 2001), this area is an extension to its known range, (but also found at Brigaderio) but this fast declining species may already have been extirpated. It was noted as "virtually unrecorded in recent years" by Ridgely (1996). There could be identification problems involved with these records.
Red-rumped Warbling-Finch Poospiza lateralis Quete
First seen at Nature Trail 13/11/2004 (BPW). This colourful bird is easy to identify, but must be quite rare or engaged in movements as it has not been recorded since.
Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus Tico-tico-do-mato-de-bico-preto
Rare.
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Tico-tico
Common and widespread.
Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Tico-tico-do-campo-verdadeiro
Not uncommon in drier grass areas.
Great Pampa-Finch Embernagra platensis Sabia-do-banhado
Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola Canario-do-campo
Uncommon in marshy areas.
Grey Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus Galinho-da-serra
Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Canario-da-terra
Common and widespread.
Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola Canario-tipio
First seen start/end High Trail near Graminha on 16/12/2004 (BPW). Rare, more common but overlooked in open country, no streaking below.
INTRODUCED AND FERAL SPECIES
Non-Passerines
Numididae
Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris
Passeriformes Emberizinae
House Sparrow Passer domesticus Pardal-comum
This species appeared at CG, late 2002.
Taxonomy follows Sick, H. (1998) for non-passerines, and Ridgely, R. (1989, 1994) for passerines
* indicates an endemic species
International status follow Birdlife International: E?=probably extinct; EN=endangered; VU=vulnerable;
Th=Threatened; NT=near threatened; LC=least concern on Red List of birds
The same letters in blue implies the same designations but at national level
The same letters in black implies the same designations but at state level, (Minas Gerais)
National and State status follow Fundacao Biodiversitas (1998)
IBA=Important Bird Area and refers to restricted range species as Birdlife International
SPECIES REQUIRING CONFIRMATION: UNVERIFIED RECORDS OF SPECIES THAT WOULD BE NEW FOR THE AREA OR IRACAMBI (SEE ALSO ADDITIONAL RECORDER’S INFORMATION)
[Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris Inhambu-chororo
Reported by Mauro Guimaraes Diniz, there are no details and the species has not been reported since. This species like other cerrado species needs better evidence of occurrence. The record could be attributable to either of the other 2 species of tinamou present, as this species prefers more open and dry habitats. Having said this it could still occur in this area, but more verification is required.] Pending
[Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
This species like other cerrado species needs better evidence of occurrence. The following illustrates the problems of identification. (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005) Cathartes vultures were very common (always observed in flight). The texts available do not permitted me to distinguish the three species of Cathartes vultures in the field. I have not considered C. melambrotos because out of range. The habitat of the location considered (very hilly and cultivated) is not typical for C. burrovianus and would suit the by far more widespread C. aura, but when I had the opportunity to judge colour of skin and beak, those always appeared more typical of C. burrovianus; in one individual I could clearly observe white shafts of primaries on upper side of wings.
This is a lowland grassland species very unlikely here, depending on subspecies and plumage Turkey Vultures can show some white above and have a lot of yellow on head. More important is pure yellow head, white bill and feet and flight profile (flat wings). I have seen birds myself that I thought to be Lesser Yellow-headed, only to change my mind when I saw the real thing elsewhere.] Pending.
[Blue-chinned Sapphire Chlorestes notatus
About 2 sightings, Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Following more info from CC this record is not accepted, as he had not eliminated the possibility of other similar species at the time.] Pending.
[Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis
Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
It will have been Pale-breasted. Sooty does not occur in this area (except by misidentification) and anyway only occurs in drier bush, scrub and woodland edge (not grass areas). This species like other true cerrado species needs better evidence of occurrence.] Pending.
