VERIFICATION OF BIRD SPECIES SEEN AT IRACAMBI
List compiled by Bryan P.
Wainwright. Species total 244 last updated 2007
Species appearing in square
brackets [] are pending further evidence for a final decision.
This list is designed to give
reliable information on all the species of bird recorded at Iracambi, and
provides justification for the species appearing on the official list. It
further is intended to provide an idea of the status of each species at
Iracambi at the present time, if only unfortunately in a subjective way at the
moment.
Non-Passerines
Tinamiformes Tinamidae
Brown Tinamou Crypturellus
obsoletus Inhambu-acu
This species can be heard on
the Graminha trail, giving it rising pitch series of whistles which become faster
and faster, before ending abruptly. Two birds seen and heard well by BPW on
Graminha trail (in 2004/5).
Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus
tataupa Inhambu-chinta
This species is very frequently
heard around the Centro, and elsewhere (BPW 2007), though seldom seen, and does
not seem to range higher up where Brown Tinamou is more likely to be found. It
is silent in winter around Centro, though birds are heard at the Secret Valley
at this time. The birds at the Secret Valley need more checking.
Podicipediformes Podicipedidae
Least Grebe Podiceps
dominicus Mergulhao-pequeno
Infrequent at the fish ponds in
2004/5 (BPW).
Pelecaniiformes Anhingidae
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Bigua-tinga
This
record has not been traced. There seems confusion between this species and
Neotropical Cormorant by some people, looking at English names and scientific!
Ciconiiformes Ardeidae
Great Egret Casmerodius
alba Garca-branca
Usually lone birds seen in the
meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Striated Heron Butorides
striatus Socozinho
Usually lone birds seen in the
meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Garca-vaqueira
Birds seen in the meadows below
Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW).
Whistling Heron Syrigma
sibilatrix Maria-faceira
Birds seen in the meadows below
Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW). Has increased substantially with sometimes up
to 8 birds present in the meadows.
Capped Heron Piloherodius
pileatus Pilherodius
pileatus
Usually lone birds seen in the
meadows below Casa De Barro (in 2004/5 (BPW). This formerly regular species
seems to have declined to almost nothing since the first appearance of
Whistling Herons here.
Anseriformes Anatidae
White-faced Tree Duck Dendrocygna
viduata Irere
First seen on 03/10/03, rarely
seen since.
Brazilian Teal Amazonetta
brasiliensis Marreca-pe-vermelho
Birds seen in the meadows below
Casa De Barro in 2004/5 (BPW), seems to be more frequent now. Also in 2007 seen
at the pond near Centro.
Falconiformes Cathartidae
Black Vulture Coragyps
atratus Urubu
Common to very common.
Turkey Vulture Cathartes
aura Urubu-de-cebeca-vermelha
Quiet
common. Some birds show white on the upperwing primaries and white legs, and a
more yellow head as Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, but do not fly with a flat
profile wings, and these birds remain a mystery.
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture
Birds fitting this description are seen in the area, even
though the habitat is not right. These birds are a mystery.
Falconiformes Accipitridae
Pearl Kite Gampsonyx
swainsoni Gaviaozinho
Scarce and infrequently seen.
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides
forficatus Gaviao-tesoura
Migratory, and infrequently
seen on passage. Some days groups into double figures may be seen, and some may
linger several days.
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia
plumbea Gaviao-sauveiro
First seen over the Centre on
25/12/04 (BPW). This very distinctive grey bird with rufous primaries from
below was seen well over the Centro, in good light on more than one occasion,
but not since. Undoubtably rare in the area.
White-tailed Hawk Buteo
albicaudatus Gaviao-de-rabo-branco
Uncommon seen in higher parts,
especially the High Trail.
Roadside Hawk Buteo
magnirostris Gaviao-carijo
This common and widespread
species is infrequently met with, though doubtless a couple of pairs are
resident in the area.
Grey Hawk Buteo nitidus Gaviao-pedres
No confimed sightings. Pending.
Mantled Hawk* VU Th EN Leucopternis
polionota Gaviao-pomba
First seen as it landed just in
front of me (20m) in the forest of the High Trail. I expected it to be
White-necked Hawk but on closer inspection the lower half of the tail was
completely white, without the black sub-terminal band of White-necked Hawk.
Mantled Hawk has never been recorded in this area, though there is no reason
why it should not occur, as its range extends over this area and at this
altitude and the habitat is ideal. There was only a single white spot on the
folded wing, which is closer to White-necked Hawk but this feature may have been
because the bird was in moult. Note the black tail band of White-necked Hawk
would still show on a bird in moult. The call was very like White-necked Hawk,
though Mantled Hawk is supposed to have a similar call anyway. Following this
sighting came several sightings in December 2004 by BPW, always on the top of
the High Trail, which was either this species or White-necked Hawk, views were
always frustratingly inconclusive. Later examination of a stuffed bird (at
Augusto Ruschi museum) confirmed the first sighting as Mantled Hawk.
White-necked Hawk* VU Th EN Leucopternis
lacernulata Gaviao-pomba
Rare, infrequently seen,
usually seen high over this area or along the higher parts of the High Trail.
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus
meridionalis Gaviao-caboclo
At least 2 pairs are resident
in the Fazenda, or immediate area, one pair in the meadows at Casa de Barro and
the other somewhere in the vicinity of the Centro.
Great Black Hawk Buteogallus
urubitinga Gavião-preto
First seen over the Centre on
12/12/04. This large black raptor is unlikely to be confused, at least in this
area, the tail pattern is diagnostic.
Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter
striatus Gaviaozinho
First seen flying and perched
in open areas at the Centre on 19/01/07 (BPW). The main identification being
the sparrowhawk shape, slender form, bright red iris and tail pattern. This
species is easily mistaken for certain other species namely Roadside Hawk,
Barred Forest-Falcon and Tiny Hawk. It may be told from the former by its
smaller, slender shape and paler face and different tail colours, and may be
told from the forest-falcon on habits mainly, as the forest-falcon inhabits
mature forest interiors and would not be seen in open areas; it has all dark
cheeks unlike the hawk and a completely different tail pattern. It most
resembles the rare (or under-recorded) Tiny Hawk, however the iris of Tiny Hawk
is yellow not red, Sharp-shinned lacks the white supercilium of Tiny Hawk
instead having a pale almost white face. On the bird I saw the iris colour was
ruby red and the tail was clearly seen as well as other features.
Crane Hawk Geranospiza
caerulescens gavião-pernilongo
First seen over the Centre on
21/12/04 (BPW), distinctive underwing pattern.
Falconiformes Falconidae
Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres
cachinnans Acaua
Seen in winter along the road
towards Casa de Barro, sometimes near entrance to Secret Valley.
Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur
semitorquatus Gaviao-relogio
Seldom observed and scarce. Last record 1 adult (white phase!?) & 1 immature, Centro
(Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur
ruficollis Gaviao-cabure
Seldom observed, usually only
seen as a flash of a raptor shape in good forest, when difficult to tell from
similar species such as the common and widespread Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago
chimachima Carrapateiro,
Pinhe
The most frequently encountered
caracara in the area.
Crested Caracara Polyborus
plancus Caracara
Infrequent but fairly regular,
the immatures of this species can easily look like Chimango Caracara, which
does not occur in this area, but could conceivably do so as a vagrant.
Bat Falcon Falco
rufigularis Falcao-morcegueiro
No information.
Aplomado Falcon Falco
femoralis Falcao-de-coleira
First seen over Angola on
16/11/04 (BPW), this large, long-winged falcon is easily recognised.
American Kestrel Falco
sparverius Quiriquiri
The commonest falcon around and
frequently and easily observed, usually in open areas.
Galliformes Cracidae
Dusky-legged Guan LC
Th VU Penelope
obscura Jacuacu,
Jacu
The
strange guttural noises of this species can often be heard in less frequented
areas of both good and secondary forest, seeing them is another matter and often
all that is glimpsed is large black shapes moving deeper into the forest, while
calling.
Gruiformes Rallidae
Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides
cajanea Saracura-tres-potes
Not often seen, more shy and
tied to swampy areas, but can occasionally be seen on the track from the Centro
to Casa De Barro, especially near where the stream from the marsh runs across
the track just before the Centro gate.
Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides
saracura Saracura-do-mato
This species is the most
frequently encountered of the rails, and is quite easily seen around the Centro
in the early mornings or evenings, being like other rails very crepuscular. Its
resemblance to the Blackish Rail is uncanny, and doubtless has caused much
confusion, however there are some reliable ways in which to tell these 2
similar species apart, the main difference being voice (check the recordings).
The other main difference is the colour of the bill, in the Blackish Rail it is
darker green and longer whereas the wood-rail’s is yellowier, and the Blackish
Rail has a whiter throat.
Common Gallinule Gallinula
chloropus Frango-d'agua
Common wherever there is water.
Purple Gallinule Porphyrula
martinica Frango-d'agua-azul
First seen at Angola on
03/11/04 (BPW), later bred at the ponds (RLB).
Gruiformes Cariamidae
Red-legged Seriema Cariama
cristata Seriema
Surprisingly numerous if the
amount of distinctive calls heard are anything to go by. Up to 3 may be seen on
the hillsides with pasture, particularly near the Centro.
Charadriiformes Jacanidae
Wattled Jacana Janaca janaca Piacoca
Common wherever there is water.
Charadriiformes Charadriidae
Southern Lapwing Vanellas
chilensis Quero-quero
Common in the meadows.
Columbiformes Columbidae
Eared Dove Zenaida
auriculata
Picazuro Pigeon Columba
picazuro Pomba-asa-branca
The commonest and largest
pigeon.
Pale-vented Pigeon Columba
cayennensis pomba-galega
First seen on track to Centre
on 20/12/2004, uncommon, obviously overlooked before. Mainly seen flying across
the path, perches secluded and is wary.
Plumbeous Pigeon Colomba
plumbea Pomba-amargosa
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina
talpacoti Rolinha
Very common, the females seem
to cause people identification problems with, Plain-winged Ground-Dove, a
cerrado species, been claimed.
Blue Ground-Dove Claravis
pretiosa Pomba-de-espelho
White-tipped Dove Leptotila
verreauxi Juriti
Quite
common, its deep slow ‘whoo’ calls sound very primate like!
Psittaciformes Psittacidae
Blue-winged Macaw NT -- -- Propyrrhura
maracana Maracana
Infrequently observed in pairs
or small groups, more numerous where there is more expanse of good forest, on
the High Trail or towards Itajuru.
Reddish-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura
frontalis tiriba-de-testa-vermelha
Seen briefly flying from trees
towards the Centre. They flew away from the observer and banked to join some
Blue-winged Macaws, they were a similar (slightly smaller) size. They had ochre
faces and the dark crown and nape were clearly visible as was the reddish tail.
The views were only a few seconds at a poor angle and there are other species
in range that have similar face markings. Seen once, January 2005 by BPW.
White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga
leucophthalmus Periquitao-maracana
The commonest large parrot, their
loud raucous calls helps them to be seen or at least heard daily.
Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus
xanthopterygius Tuim
Fairly common if easily missed
as they dart by, often low, the small flash of blue and green can easily be
mistaken for a passerine.
Reddish-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura
frontalis
This species was
observed and identified while flying at Itajuru (the municipal park) on 10th June 2007 (BPW), from
their mellow short calls and reddish bellies on some adults. Later the same day about 6 birds were seen
very well perched in trees.
Plain Parakeet* Brotogeris
tirica
This
species was first seen on track to Centre on 11/12/2004 (BPW). The blue on the wings of this
species may cause confusion in flight with Blue-winged Macaw, however the call
is different and my observation was of perched birds, which are easy to tell,
due to the difference in head and face markings.
Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus
maximiliani Maitaca-de-Maximiliano
Seen
more in winter flying in pairs or small groups, and giving their characteristic
mellower (than White-eyed Parakeet) double call, with pauses between. Flight
very direct.
Cuculiformes Cuculidae
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Alma-de-gato
A skulking species with a
repertoire of odd calls, and fairly common in forest.
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga
ani Anu-preto
Common in a variety of
habitats, most easily seen in pasture.
Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Anu-branco
Not very common but widespread.
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Peixe-frito
Strigiformes Tytonidae
Barn Owl Tyto alba Suindara
Strigiformes Strigidae
Tropical Screech Owl Otus choliba Corujinha-do-mato
Often heard calling behind the
Centro at night.
Burrowing Owl Athene
cunicularia Coruja-buraqueira
Seen
in pastures near Graminha, just off Iracambi land.
Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Curiango
One
of the most frequently encountered night bird, often sits on the track near the
Centro.
Apodiformes Apodidae
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne
zonaris andorinhão-de-coleira
Rare,
occasionally seen darting over the Centro often high up, can be very difficult
to tell from the equally likely but so far unrecorded Biscuate Swift.
Lesser
Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayanensis
New for Iracambi, 1, main road north of Centro (Carlo
Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005). Also 3 were seen 4th May 2007
(BPW).
Apodiformes Trochilidae
Black Jacobin Melanotrochilus
fuscus Beija-flor-preto-e-branco
Fairly common and easily
encountered and identified in summer.
White-vented Violet-ear Colibri
serrirostris
A new record for Iracambi (actually just beyond the
Fazenda) 1 singing, coffee plantation, Eastern slope of Pico Graminha (Carlo
Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Dusky-throated Hermit* Phaethornis
squalidus Rabo-branco-miudo
This is much more of a forest
bird than Planalto Hermit, seen on Graminha Trail.
Planalto Hermit Phaethornis
pretrei Rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo
Found in forest and open scrub
areas, fairly common.
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis
ruber Besourinho-da-mata
This species is present on the
High Trail and is also seen around the computer room at Centro.
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena
macroura Tesourao
Fairly common.
Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostibon
aureoventris Besourinho-do-bico-vermelho
Fairly common.
Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania
glaucopis Beija-flor-de-fronte-violeta
Uncommon to rare.
White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris
albicollis Papo-branco
Uncommon on the High Trail.
Sapphire-spangled Emerald Amazilia
lactae Beija-flor-de-peito-azul
Very like the next species,
Glittering-throated Emerald. Sapphire Spangled lacks white tail tips on tail
and has a more purple (than blue) throat, Sapphire-spangled is more a forest
species.
Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia
fimbriata beija-flor-de-garganta-verde
This species was first seen on
track to Centre on 09/11/2004 (BPW). Feeding on a flowering bush at the stream
(the first stream from Casa de Barro going towards the Centro after the first
big hill). The centre of the belly is white. This species is less common
overall than the previous similar species as it is more a cerrado species. See
Sapphire-spangled Emerald for the main differences.
Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox
amethystina Estrelinha
Rare
and seldom encountered, in open areas around the top of the High Trail;
especially in the area of the flat volcanic rock.
Trogoniformes Trogonidae
White-tailed Trogon Trogon
viridis Surucua-violeta
Somewhat strangely listed as ´´apparently extinct in Vicosa area´´ this species
was occasionally seen at Iracambi, and if there is any patch of forest left
near Vicosa will no doubt still be found there!
Surucua Trogon Trogon
surrucura aurantius (surucuá-de-peito-azul)
First seen along the Secret
Valley Trail on 01/11/2004 (BPW) the main difference of this species from
White-tailed being belly colour (orange in northern Surucua race and yellow in
White-tailed) and tail pattern (the inner webs being black on Surucua and white
on White-tailed; hence name). The calls are also somewhat different.
Coraciiformes Alcedinidae
Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle
torquata Martim-pescador-grande
Occasionally encountered
wherever there is water.
Amazon Kingfisher Ceryle
amazona Martim-pescador-?
First seen at fish ponds
06/12/04, with three present (BPW). If an observer is not familiar with this
and Green Kingfisher then they can be confused, even though in reality Amazon
is much closer in size to Ringed than Green is to Amazon. Green is quite small,
but Amazon Kingfisher always looks large.
[Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle
americana Martim-pescador-pequeno
Not confirmed yet, in past
mistaken for Amazon despite size!]
Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle
aenea Martim-pescador-miudinho
No information on this elusive
species.
Piciformes Bucconidae
White-eared Puffbird Nystalus
chacuru Joao-bobo
Piciformes Ramphastidae
Black-necked Aracari Pteroglossus
aracari Aracari
Sometimes
seem in small numbers around the forest at the Centro.
Saffron Toucanet NT -- -- Baillonius
bailloni
Along the trail towards Itajuru, in the
forest at its base (the municipal park) on 10th June 2007 (BPW), 3 birds
quietly moved quietly through the forest, one was seen exceptionally well as it
viewed the observer.
Piciformes Picidae
White-barred Piculet Picumnus
cirratus Pica-pau-anao-barrado
Scarce but also easily
overlooked in forest.
Campo Flicker Colaptes
campestris Pica-pau-do-campo
Quite common and conspicuous.
Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes
melanochloros Pica-pau-verde-barrado
Rare in good forest.
Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus
flavescens Pica-pau-de-cabeca-amarela
Uncommon in forest.
Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus
flavigula Pica-pau-bufador
Yellow-browed Woodpecker NT -- -- Piculus
aurulentus Pica-pau-dourado
Uncommon in good forest
especially found along Graminha Trail.
White Woodpecker Melanerpes
candidus Birro
Fairly common in open areas
with dead standing wood, seen particularly around Casa de Barro.
Little Woodpecker Veniliornis
passerinus Pica-pau-pequeno
Very scarce in forest and
occasionally more lightly wooded areas. Very similar to Yellow-eared, and
little good info on the differences. Female Little’s are distinctive with white
supercilium and moustachial stripes on greyish cheeks. Male Little’s are more
difficult to tell from Yellow-eared, but they completely lack yellow on the
nape and the forecrown has no white spots.
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus
lineatus Pica-pau-de-banda-branca
Uncommon, can be seen on the
edges of forested areas around the Centro and on the High Trail, needs to be
checked carefully for much rarer Robust Woodpecker.
Robust Woodpecker LC
LC Th Campephilus
robustus Pica-pau-rei
Last record was 1 female, Centro (Carlo Castellani between
19th April to 6th May 2005). Also rarely observed on the Secret Valley Trail,
its loud double knock is quite different from the machine gun of Lineated.
Yellow-eared Woodpecker* Veniliornis
maculifrons pica-pauzinho-de-testa-pintada
First seen on the High Trail on
14/12/04 (BPW). This species is very similar to Little Woodpecker, slightly
larger and with white streaks on the forehead and a lot of yellow on the nape.
It is at least as common as Little Woodpecker, best told by very different
call.
Passerines
Passeriformes Furnariinae
Band-tailed Hornero* Furnarius
figulus Casaca-de-couro-da-lama
Slight range extension to
Ridgely.
Rufous Hornero Furnarius
rufus Joao-de-barro
Common in a variety of
habitats.
Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis
albescens Ui-pi
Slight range extension to
Ridgely, but o.k. in Souza (2002), probably does not occur as it is more a
cerrado species, likely a misidentification of Pallid Spinetail.
Spix's Spinetail Synallaxis
spixi Joao-tenenem
Heard far more frequently than
seen and not uncommon.
Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis
ruficapilla Pichochore
Heard far more frequently than
seen and not uncommon.
Grey-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis
cinerascens Joao-tenenem-da-mata
Uncommon and not found in scrub
like other species, but only in dense low tangles near the forest floor.
Pallid Spinetail* Cranioleuca
pallida Arredio-palido
Rare, sometimes seen in mixed
flocks at mid to canopy height, at forest edge. The calls of the Cranioleuca
spinetails are all similar but
this is the only one in the area. An example of a sighting was around
Centro in May 2007.
Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis
cinnamomea Curutié
This species was
miss-identified by early observers, first correctly identified at Angola on
03/11/2004 (BPW).
Common Thornbird Phacellodomus
rufifrons Joao-de-pau
Common, slight range extension
to Ridgely
Firewood Gatherer Anumbius
anumbi Cochicho
No pairs actually noted on the
Fazenda recently, but apparently occurs close-by, slight range extension to
Ridgely
Streaked Xenops Xenops
rutilans Bico-virado-carijo
Scarce in good forest, except
for its upturned bill resembles Sharp-billed Treehunter.
Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus
contaminatus Bico-virado-do-sul
Rare in good forest, closely
resembles Streaked Xenops except for bill. No recent confirmed records.
Buff-browed Foliage-Gleaner Syndactyla
rufosuperciliata Lipa-folha-quiete
Rare, but not as rare or
threatened as the extremely similar White-browed Foliage-Gleaner, the best way
to tell them apart is by their supercilium, calls and habitat. White-browed is
always seen low down usually below 2m off ground and frequently in Chusquea
bamboo, Buff-browed is found at mid-levels. Slight range extension to Ridgely,
but o.k. in Souza (2002).
Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner Philydor
rufus Limpa-folha-testa-baia
Uncommon, closely resembles
Ochre-bellied Foliage-Gleaner which could occur here. Check overall colour and
the forehead.
White-collared Foliage-Gleaner*
Anabazenops
fuscus Trepador-coleira
Uncommon.
White-eyed Foliage-Gleaner Automolus
leucophthalmus Barranqueiro-de-olho-branco
Uncommon, but heard far more
easily than seen.
Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus
mexicanus
First
seen on the High Trail near Graminha gate 6th March 2007, the bird was calling
and observed for over 5 minutes perched on a branch in the open about 40cm high
(BPW).
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus
scansor Vlra-folha-vermelho
A difficult species to see,
rare on ground level inside good forest on High Trail, listen for rustle of
leaves.
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias
nematura Joao-porca
Fairly
common but widespread, found along forested streams often small.
Passeriformes Dendrocolaptinae
Thrush-like
Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina
On 5th May 2007, a bird at mid-level in a mixed flock
was observed at very close quarters (less than 5 metres) by BPW. The bird also
called giving its distinctive prolonged (over 30 seconds) ‘kikikiki….’ Call.
The bird was superficially like Olivaceous Woodcreeper, but larger and without
the contrast in the wing. Thrush-like
also shows a crested look
and distinctive white throat which Olivaceous never does, both features
seen very well on the observed bird.
This species was almost certainly seen, at least once before this confirmed
sighting in 2007 but views had proved unsatisfactory.
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus
griseicapillus Arapacu-verde
Uncommon in forest.
White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes
albicollis Arapacu-de-garganta-branca
Rare, check any large
woodcreepers for similar species such as Buff-throated and Planalto, which
could both occur in this area. Best told on call, the White-throated has a very
loud and distinctive call unlike the others.
Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes
squamatus Arapacu-escamado
This species is scarce and
quite similar to Narrow-billed, however it is more strongly patterned below
with a black background colour and the bills differ in colour and shape.
Lesser Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fuscus
This species is scarce and
quite similar to Scaled, however it is less strongly patterned and the bills
differ in colour and shape. Slight range extension to Ridgely, but o.k. in
Souza (2002)
Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus
falcularius Arapacu-de-bico-torto
Rare
in the good forest along Graminha Trail.
Passeriformes Formicariidae
Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena
severa Borralhara
This species can be heard in
scrubby areas such as on the Alvorada (Dawn Trail), although you may never see
one! Rare.
Large-tailed Antshrike
Antshrike Mackenziaena
leachii
Occasionally heard giving its
distinct ‘fee, fee’ x11 or x12 call, that rises in pitch then falls, on hills
behind Centro (Dawn Trail area) but never seen!!!
Giant Antshrike Batara
cinerea Matracao
Rare and even harder top see.
Rufous-capped Antshrike Thamnophilus
ruficapillus Choca-de-chapeu-vermelho
Rare, but sometimes seen near
the 2nd gate from the Centro.
Eastern Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus
punctatus
Fairly common in wooded areas.
Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus
caerulescens Choca-da-mata
Uncommon to scarce in wooded
areas, less common than Eastern Slaty-Antshrike which it closely resembles.
Ferruginous Antbird* Drymophila
ferruginea Trovoada
Quite rare on the trails in the
nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
White-fringed
Antwren Formicivora grisea
First seen, low down and alone
on the Secret Valley Trail on 2nd March 2007 (BPW). This species is very
similar to Serra Antwren, which seems to have been misidentified as occurring
in Brigadeiro State Park, quite apart from the altitude being too high for
Serra, the habitat is completely wrong in the state park, as Serra Antwren
occurs in arid scrub and bush often in cerrado grasslands. The other confusion
species is Rusty-backed Antwren, which again is more a cerrado scrub and forest
edge species. White-fringed though also occurring in some of the same areas is
the only one of the 3 that inhabits the interior of humid forest, secondary
humid forest and edge habitats. I (BPW) have also observed this species at
Itajuru, in 2004.
Ochre-rumped Antbird* NT -- -- Drymophila
ochropyga Trovoada-ocre
Rare on the trails in the
nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
White-shouldered Fire-Eye Pyriglena
leucoptera Papa-taoca
Quite rare on the trails in the
nature reserve area (Graminha and the High trail).
Passeriformes Conopophagidae
Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga
lineata Chupa-dente
Uncommon but widespread in
forested areas.
Passeriformes Rhinocryptidae
Mouse-coloured Tapaculo Scytalopus
speluncae Tapaculo-preto
Rare
in forested areas.
Passeriformes Tyranninae
Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia
flavogaster Guaracavaode-barriga-amarela
No confirmed records, there may be several species
present at Iracambi, including this species, maybe Large Eleania, Olivaceous
Elaenia and Lesser Eleania, though only the latter has been satifactorily
confirmed.
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca
A bird first identified as Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia
mesoleuca first seen on the Nature Trail on 13/11/04 (BPW) which did not
call may have in fact have been Lesser Elaenia as this has been confirmed since
by its unique call. The 2 species look almost identical.
Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura
Some large Eleanias with dusky breasts
and mucky yellow on lower below have been causing confusion. They however have
only 2 wing bars not 3 as Large Eleania would and are therefore most likely to
be Highland Eleanias. The calls were infrequent but fitted this species. Seen
at Iracambi and Itajuru in May and June 2007.
Sooty Tyrannulet
Seen and photographed at Angola
by Muffi Forbes. New for Iracambi (2005).
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma
obsoletum Risadinha
Uncommon is scrubby and edge
habitats.
Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias
fasciatus Piolhinho
Seen often, as a pair around
the trees of the marsh at Centro, in summer (BPW).
Southern Bristle-Tyrant NT -- -- Phylloscartes
eximius Barbudinho
Surprisingly similar to
Sepia-capped Flycatcher and Yellow-olive Flycatcher in the books in face
pattern, but more contrasting colours of black and white. It is actually a
tyrannulet, but unlike many other species in these families keeps lower down in
the mid-canopy. This species is not confirmed for Iracambi.
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon
amaurocephalus Cabecudo
Uncommon in wooded areas, sits
upright and is much less active than any tyrannulet, spending long periods
perched in easy view in the mid-canopy.
Grey-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes
rufiventris Abre-asa-de-cabeca-cinza
Fairly common, especially at
certain times of the year, along trails around the Centro, particularly Nature
Trail. Superficially like Grey-hooded Attila but much smaller than that
species.
Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis
auricularis Miudinho
Uncommon in open forest, scrub
and marginal haitats. No recent records, old records may have been
misidentified (White-throated Spadebill or Orche-faced Tody-Flycatcher).
Orche-faced Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum
plumbeiceps Ferreirinho-de-cara-canela
Uncommon but widespread in
forest and scrub.
Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum
cinereum coloreum Relógio
o ferreirinho
First 25/11/04 at dairy (BPW),
note the race here has an olive back (not dark grey) and is therefore the same
colour as Yellow-lored.
Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher* Todirostrum
poliocephalum Ferreirinho
This and Common Tody-Flycatcher
are known to occur together, this species prefers forest.
Southern Antpipit Corythopis
delalandi Estalador-do-sul
One was seen on the Secret
Valley Trail 23rd April (BPW).
White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus
mystaceus Patinho
Uncommon, more frequent in good
forest.
Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias
sulphurescens Bico-chato-de-orelha-preta
Very common and easily
confused, best told by call. This species at times looks like Southern
Bristle-Tyrant, Sepia-capped Flycatcher or even Mottle-cheeked or
PlanaltoTyrannulet! Good views are needed in the often shaded areas it is fond
of.
Bran-coloured Flycatcher Myiophobus
fasciatus (rufescens) Filipe
Probably not uncommon, however
this might be biased by the frequent sighting of the species around the Centro.
Euler's Flycatcher Empidonax
euleri Enferrujado
Found more inside good forest
and not in open areas as Bran-coloured usually is.
Tropical Pewee Contopus
cinereus Papa-moscas-cinzento
Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea
ferruginea Gibao-de-couro
Rare, occasionally seen perched
on large boulders along the streams.
Grey Monjita Xolmis
cinerea Maria-branca
White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velata Noivinha-branca
Rare on hilly pasture with
mature trees such as some areas around Casa de Barro.
Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa
icterophrys Suiriri-pequeno
First seen at Casa de Barro on
24/11/04 (BPW), and baffling why this frequent and distinctive (if scarce)
species was not recorded before.
Cattle Tyrant Machetornis
rixosus Suiriri-cavaleiro
Common in areas of pasture.
Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes
yetapa Tesoura-do-brejo
Scarce in marshy areas.
Shear-tailed Grey-Tyrant Muscipipra
vetula Tesourinha-cinza
First seen at the top of the
Dawn Trail on 18/11/04 (BPW), rare and does not seemingly occur lower down.
Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola
nengeta Lavadeira-mascarada
Common and conspicuous.
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola
leucocephala Lavadeira-de-cabeca-branca o freirinha
Rare but regularly encountered
where there is marsh and water near Casa de Barro.
Grey-hooded Attila* Attila rufus Capitao-de-saira
Uncommon but frequently
encountered. Superficially like Grey-hooded Flycatcher but much larger than
that species, and the Attila has a very loud and distinctive call which it
gives frequently.
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus
ferox Maria-cavaleira
The commonest Myiarchus on the
Fazenda, best told by voice, looking most like Swainson’s.
Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus
ferox
Overlooked
in the past, but not particularly rare in summer at least, this difficult
species is best told from other Myiarchus by voice and the presence of any pink
in the colour of the base of the bill, which no other Myiarchus shows as much
of if any.
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus
pitangua Neinei
Uncommon but widespread.
Great Kiskadee Pitangus
sulphuratus Bentevi
Common and widespread.
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes
similis Bentevizinho-penacho-vermelho
Uncommon and widespread.
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes
maculatus Bentevi-rajado
Uncommon and widespread, large
with large bill and easy to learn call.
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus
leucophaius Bentevi-pirata
Rare and difficult to tell from
Variegated Flycatcher, but mainly the small size and small bill and call are
enough.
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus
varius Peitica
Not always easy to discern from
Piratic Flycatcher, the main difference apart from voice being that it is a
large flycatcher, not quite as large as Variegated, but with a small bill.
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus
melancholicus Suiriri
White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus
albogularis Suiriri-de-arganta-branca
Rare, not seen in recent years
on the Fazenda or in neighboring areas, slight range extension to Ridgely, but
o.k. in Souza (2002). Early records are probably misidentifications.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus
savana Tesourinha
Uncommon, birds are migrant.
Velvety Tyrant Knipolegus
nigerrimus
Along streams (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th
May 2005).
Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus
lophotes Maria-preta-de-penacho
Uncommon,
seen in pasture around Casa de Barro.
Mottle-cheeked
Tyrannulet Phylloscartes
ventralis
First seen on Graminha Trail
5/01/07 and the bird was calling (BPW).
Passeriformes Cotingidae
Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus
viridis Caneleiro-verde
Rare in good forest.
White-winged Becard Pachyramphus
polychopterus Caneleiro-preto
Quite rare in forest, difficult
to be sure of identification from Black-capped Becard without a decent view,
which usually is not easy! Becards are
not infrequent in the High Trail area, but most are not identifiable.
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus
marginatus Caneleiro-borado
Quite rare in forest, difficult
to be sure of identification from Black-capped Becard without a decent view,
which usually is not easy!
Black-crowned Tityra Tityra
inquisitor Araponguinha-de-cara-preta
Quite rare in forest.
Passeriformes Pipridae
Thrush-like Mourner Schiffornis
turdinus Flautlm-marrom
No recent records.
Greenish Mourner Schiffornis
virescens Flautim-verde
No recent records.
Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia
caudata Tangara
Common and widespread, much
more often heard than seen.
White-bearded Manakin Manacus
manacus Rendeira
A female first seen on Nature
Trail 21/02/02 (Jeff Ott); lek found on Dawn Trail 18/12/04 (BPW). Also heard
in other areas such as close to the start of Secret Valley Trail.
Pin-tailed Manakin* Ilicura
militaris Tangarazinho
Rare, seen in forest around
Graminha usually in winter. Males are unmistakable and make a rustling noise
when flying, but females are best told by their yellow eyes.
Sharpbill Oxyruncus
cristatus Bico-agudo
Rare, seen in forest around
Itajuru, not aware of any recent records actually on the Fazenda.
Bare-throated Bellbird VU -- VU Procnias
nudicollis Arapongo
Rare, seen in forest on High
Trail and around Graminha, birds are most often immature males, probably forced
away to these marginal areas from the good primary forest around Itajuru by
more mature males there.
Oscine Passerines
Passeriformes Corvidae
Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax
cristatellus Gralha-do-cerrado
Rare around pastures towards
High Trail, slight range extension to Ridgely
Passeriformes Hirundinidae
Brown-chested Martin Phaeoprogne
tapera Andorinha-serrador
Rare, migrant birds are
probably involved.
Grey-breasted Martin Progne
chalybea Andorinha-domestica-grande
Rare, migrant birds are
probably involved.
White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta
leucorrhoa Andorinha-de-rabadilha-branca
Rare, migrant birds are
probably involved.
Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon
cyanoleuca Andorinha-pequena-de-casa
Common and widespread, several
pairs are always present.
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx
ruficollis Andorinha-serrador
Can be common and widespread,
regularly one or 2 birds around; migrant birds are probably involved.
Passeriformes Troglodytidae
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius
atricapillus Japacanim
Seen in marsh and pasture just
past the first bridge from the Centro.
House Wren Troglodytes
aedon Corruira
Common and widespread, many
pairs are always present.
Passeriformes Turdidae
Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus
rufiventris Sabia-leranjeira
Common and widespread, several
pairs are always present.
Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus
amaurochalinus Sabia-poca
Uncommon and local, few birds
present.
Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus
leucomelas Sabia-barranco
Common and widespread, several
pairs are always present.
White-necked Thrush Turdus
albicollis Sabia-coleira
Rare.
Yellow-legged Thrush Platycichla
flavipes sabiaúna
A First seen perched at the top
of a small tree at the top of the High Trail, near the flat volcanic rock area,
on 14/12/04 (BPW). The yellow legs on this male were clearly visible.
Passeriformes Mimidae
Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus
saturninus Sabia-do-campo
Uncommon,
single birds occasionally seen.
Passeriformes Motacillidae
Yellowish Pipit Anthus
lutescens Caminheiro-zumbidor
Migrant, when on passage can
occur in some numbers in pastures, when their distinctive calls hail their
presence.
Passeriformes Vireonidae
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis
gujanensis Pitiguari
Rare in forest on the High
Trail.
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo
olivaceus chivi Juruviara
This is the non-migratory race
and single birds can be occasionally seen in areas with forest with open
patches and edge habitat.
Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus
poicilotis Verdinho-coroado
Uncommon, often in a mixed
flock, fast and active.
Passeriformes Parulinae
Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis
aequinoctialis Pia-cobra
Uncommon but widespread,
usually in marshy areas.
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus
culicivorus Pula-pula
Quite common in forest areas.
Passeriformes Thraupinae
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Sai-azul
Uncommon and often with mixed
flocks, but regularly seen.
Bananaquit Coereba
flaveola Cambacica
Uncommon but regularly seen.
Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum
speciosum Figuinha-de-crisso-castanho
Uncommon but regularly seen.
Rufous-headed Tanager* Hemithraupis
ruficapilla Saira-da-mata
Rare.
Hooded Tanger Nemosia
pileata Saíra-de-chapéu-preto
Rare.
Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis
sordida Saira-canario
Rare.
Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara
cayana Saira-amarelo
Common and widespread.
Brassy-breasted Tanager* Tangara
desmaresti Saira-lagarta
Uncommon and widespread. Only seen in the High Trail area often in
mixed flocks.
Gilt-edged Tanager* LC -- -- IBA 075 Tangara
cyanoventris Douradinha
Common and widespread. Seen at lower altitudes than
Brassy-breasted Tanager often as a single species flock.
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia
chlorotica Gaturamo-fi-fi
Rare.
Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia
cyanea Gaturamo-rei
Rare.
Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Sai-andorinha
Quite rare but regular,
especially around Centro.
Palm Tanager Thraupis
palmarum Sanhaco-de-coqueiro
Rare.
Diademed
Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus
New for Iracambi, between Centro and Pico Graminha often
low down and skulking, particularly in bamboo behind Centro (Carlo Castellani
between 19th April to 6th May 2005).
Golden-chevroned Tanager* Thraupis
ornata Sanhaco-de-encontro-amarelo
Quite common and widespread.
Sayaca Tanager Thraupis
sayaca Sanhaco-de-fogo
Common and widespread.
Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava Sanhaco-de-fogo
Rare and not often seen, slight
range extension to Ridgely
Brazilian Tanager* Ramphocelus
bresilius Tie-sangue
Rare and not seen very often, a
male used to frequent the borders along the driveway to Casa de Barro, but has
not been seen recently.
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus
cristatus Tiê-galo
First seen at Nature Trail on
10/11/04 (BPW), it moved fast in a small mixed flock and was difficult to get a
good view of, but luckily I was able to see the cream patches for just long
enough.
Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus
coronatus Tie-preto
Common and widespread. The
female may be mistaken for the rare Brown Tanager, calls are different.
Brown Tanager* NT
-- -- Orchesticus
abeillei Tiê-pardo
Rare and not easy to identify
from various foliage-gleaners and especially female Ruby-crowned Tanager, care
is needed. Seen infrequently on the top of the High Trail, though also
sometimes observed on Nature Trail.
Black-goggled Tanager Trichthraupis
melanops Tie-de-topete
Uncommon and widespread.
Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys
ruficapillus Bico-de-veludo
Rare, seen in good forest along
High Trail etc.
Magpie Tanager Cissopis
leveriana Tietinga
Uncommon
but widespread, can be seen in any forested patch.
Passeriformes Icterinae
Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar
chopi
Not observed on Fazenda
recently, was previously seen on pasture towards High Trail.
White-browed Blackbird Sturnella
superciliaris Policia-inglesa-do-sul
Rare in pasture areas.
Chestnut-capped Blackbird Agelaius
ruficapillus Garibaldi
Quite common in marshes and
pasture below Casa de Barro.
Shiny Cowbird Molothrus
bonariensis Chopim
Uncommon
and not seen in numbers, occasional in pasture.
Passeriformes Cardinalinae
Green-winged Saltator Saltator
similis Trinca-ferro-verdadeiro
Uncommon
but regularly seen.
Passeriformes Emberizinae
Blackish-blue Seedeater NT Th VU Amaurospiza
moesta Cigarrinha-da-taquara
Only one record from High Trail
area, not recorded for 6 years (Fung Yee Lam & Jennifer Wilkening, May
2001), this fast declining chusquea bamboo specialist may already have been
extirpated.
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia
jacarina Tiziu
Common and widespread.
Sooty Grassquit Tiaris
fuliginosa Cigarra-do-coqueiro
Rare and identification not so
straightforward. Often found with seedeaters, which may or may not contain
Blue-black Grassquits.
Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila
nigricollis Baiano
Common and widespread in
seeding grass.
Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila
caerulescens Coleirinho
Common and widespread in
seeding grass.
White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila
leucoptera Patativa-chorona
Rare and local, seen on edge of
forest above Eucalyptus Trail.
Cinereous Warbling-Finch* VU Th VU Poospiza
cinerea Capacetinho-do-oco-do-pau
Only one record from High Trail
area, not recorded for 6 years (Fung Yee Lam & Jennifer Wilkening, May
2001), this area is an extension to its known range, (but also found at
Brigaderio) but this fast declining species may already have been extirpated.
It was noted as "virtually unrecorded in recent years" by Ridgely
(1996). There could be identification problems involved with these records.
Red-rumped Warbling-Finch Poospiza
lateralis Quete
First seen at Nature Trail
13/11/2004 (BPW). This colourful bird is easy to identify, but must be quite
rare or engaged in movements as it has not been recorded since.
Pectoral Sparrow Arremon
taciturnus Tico-tico-do-mato-de-bico-preto
Rare.
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia
capensis Tico-tico
Common and widespread.
Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus
humeralis Tico-tico-do-campo-verdadeiro
Not uncommon in drier grass
areas.
Great Pampa-Finch Embernagra
platensis Sabia-do-banhado
Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides
herbicola Canario-do-campo
Uncommon in marshy areas.
Grey Pileated Finch Coryphospingus
pileatus Galinho-da-serra
Saffron Finch Sicalis
flaveola Canario-da-terra
Common and widespread.
Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis
luteola Canario-tipio
First seen start/end High Trail
near Graminha on 16/12/2004 (BPW). Rare, more common but overlooked in open
country, no streaking below.
INTRODUCED AND FERAL SPECIES
Non-Passerines
Numididae
Helmeted Guineafowl Numida
meleagris
Passeriformes Emberizinae
House Sparrow Passer
domesticus Pardal-comum
This species appeared at CG,
late 2002.
Taxonomy follows Sick, H.
(1998) for non-passerines, and Ridgely, R. (1989, 1994) for passerines
* indicates an endemic species
International status follow
Birdlife International: E?=probably extinct; EN=endangered; VU=vulnerable;
Th=Threatened; NT=near threatened; LC=least
concern on Red List of birds
The same letters in blue implies the same designations but at national
level
The same letters in black
implies the same designations but at state level, (Minas Gerais)
National and State status
follow Fundacao Biodiversitas (1998)
IBA=Important Bird Area and
refers to restricted range species as Birdlife International
SPECIES REQUIRING CONFIRMATION:
UNVERIFIED RECORDS OF SPECIES THAT WOULD BE NEW FOR THE AREA OR IRACAMBI (SEE
ALSO ADDITIONAL RECORDER’S INFORMATION)
[Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus
parvirostris Inhambu-chororo
Reported by Mauro
Guimaraes Diniz, there are no details and the species has not been reported
since. This species like other cerrado species needs better evidence of
occurrence. The record could be attributable to either of the other 2 species
of tinamou present, as this species prefers more open and dry habitats. Having
said this it could still occur in this area, but more verification is
required.] Pending
[Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
This species like other cerrado species needs better
evidence of occurrence. The following illustrates the problems of
identification. (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May 2005) Cathartes
vultures were very common (always observed in flight). The texts available do
not permitted me to distinguish the three species of Cathartes vultures in the
field. I have not considered C. melambrotos because out of range. The
habitat of the location considered (very hilly and cultivated) is not typical
for C. burrovianus and would suit the by far more widespread C. aura,
but when I had the opportunity to judge colour of skin and beak, those always
appeared more typical of C. burrovianus; in one individual I could
clearly observe white shafts of primaries on upper side of wings.
This is a lowland grassland species very unlikely here,
depending on subspecies and plumage Turkey Vultures can show some white above
and have a lot of yellow on head. More important is pure yellow head, white
bill and feet and flight profile (flat wings). I have seen birds myself that I
thought to be Lesser Yellow-headed, only to change my mind when I saw the real
thing elsewhere.] Pending.
[Blue-chinned Sapphire Chlorestes
notatus
About 2 sightings, Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th
April to 6th May 2005).
Following more info from CC this record is not accepted, as
he had not eliminated the possibility of other similar species at the time.] Pending.
[Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis
Centro (Carlo Castellani between 19th April to 6th May
2005).
It will have been Pale-breasted. Sooty does not occur in
this area (except by misidentification) and anyway only occurs in drier bush,
scrub and woodland edge (not grass areas). This species like other true cerrado
species needs better evidence of occurrence.] Pending.
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